Periodic travelling waves of the modified KdV equation and rogue waves on the periodic background

DOI10.1007/S00332-019-09559-YMaRDI QIDQ2282804zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Jinbing Chen, Dmitry Pelinovsky

Publication date 19 December 2019

Published in Journal of Nonlinear Science (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.11361

zbMATH Keywords

Darboux transformationsLax operatorsmodified Korteweg-de Vries equationperiodic travelling wavesrogue waves

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

KdV equations (Korteweg-de Vries equations) (35Q53) Completely integrable infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, integration methods, integrability tests, integrable hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.) (37K10) Relations of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian dynamical systems with algebraic geometry, complex analysis, and special functions (37K20)

Abstract: We address the most general periodic travelling wave of the modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation written as a rational function of Jacobian elliptic functions. By applying an algebraic method which relates the periodic travelling waves and the squared periodic eigenfunctions of the Lax operators, we characterize explicitly the location of eigenvalues in the periodic spectral problem away from the imaginary axis. We show that Darboux transformations with the periodic eigenfunctions remain in the class of the same periodic travelling waves of the mKdV equation. In a general setting, there are exactly three symmetric pairs of eigenvalues away from the imaginary axis, and we give a new representation of the second non-periodic solution to the Lax equations for the same eigenvalues. We show that Darboux transformations with the non-periodic solutions to the Lax equations produce rogue waves on the periodic background, which are either brought from infinity by propagating algebraic solitons or formed in a finite region of the time-space plane.

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