Standing waves of the quintic NLS equation on the tadpole graph

DOI10.1007/S00526-020-01832-3MaRDI QIDQ2004056zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Diego Noja, Dmitry Pelinovsky

Publication date 14 October 2020

Published in Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.00881

zbMATH Keywords

graphnonlinear Schrödinger equationstanding wave

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations) (35Q55) PDEs on graphs and networks (ramified or polygonal spaces) (35R02) Quantum mechanics on special spaces: manifolds, fractals, graphs, lattices (81Q35)

Abstract: The tadpole graph consists of a circle and a half-line attached at a vertex. We analyze standing waves of the nonlinear Schr"{o}dinger equation with quintic power nonlinearity equipped with the Neumann-Kirchhoff boundary conditions at the vertex. The profile of the standing wave with the frequency $omegain(-infty,0)$ is characterized as a global minimizer of the quadratic part of energy constrained to the unit sphere in $L^6$. The set of minimizers includes the set of ground states of the system, which are the global minimizers of the energy at constant mass ($L^2$-norm), but it is actually wider. While ground states exist only for a certain interval of masses, the standing waves exist for every $omegain(-infty,0)$ and correspond to a bigger interval of masses. It is shown that there exist critical frequencies $omeg{a}_0$ and $omeg{a}_1$ such that the standing waves are the ground states for $omegain[omeg{a}_0,0)$, local minimizers of the energy at constant mass for $omegain(omeg{a}_1,omeg{a}_0)$, and saddle points of the energy at constant mass for $omegain(-infty,omeg{a}_1)$. Proofs make use of both the variational methods and the analytical theory for differential equations.

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Cited in

(41)

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