Free (tri)dendriform family algebras

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Publication:2285240



Abstract: In this paper, we first prove that a Rota-Baxter family algebra indexed by a semigroup induces an ordinary Rota-Baxter algebra structure on the tensor product with the semigroup algebra. We show that the same phenomenon arises for dendriform and tridendriform family algebras. Then we construct free dendriform family algebras in terms of typed decorated planar binary trees. Finally, we generalize typed decorated rooted trees to typed valently decorated Schr"oder trees and use them to construct free tridendriform family algebras.


Dendriform and tridendriform algebras are example of algebras with a splitting of associativity, that is to say their associative product can be written as a sum of 2 or 3 products, satisfying convenient relations. Well-known examples are given by Rota-Baxter algebras. Free dendriform and tridendriform algebras have been described by \textit{J.-L. Loday} and \textit{M. Ronco} [Contemp. Math. 346, 369--398 (2004; Zbl 1065.18007)] in terms of planar binary and planar reduced trees. \textit{L. Guo} [J. Algebr. Comb. 29, No. 1, 35--62 (2009; Zbl 1227.05271)] defined for any semigroup \(\Omega\) the notion of \(\Omega\)-family Rota-Baxter algebras of weight \(\lambda\): these are associative algebras with a family \((P_\alpha)_{\alpha \in \Omega}\) of operators, following the axioms \[ P_\alpha(a)P_\beta(b)=P_{\alpha \beta}(P_\alpha(a)b+aP_\beta(b)+\lambda ab). \] As for Rota-Baxter algebras, this induces a structure of \(\Omega\)-family dendriform algebras, as defined by the first two authors [Pac. J. Math. 301, No. 2, 741--766 (2019; Zbl 07178913)]. It is proved here that, \(k\) being the base field: 1. If \(R\) is an \(\Omega\)-family Rota-Baxter algebra, then \(R\otimes k\Omega\) is naturally a Rota-Baxter algebra. 2. If \(R\) is an \(\Omega\)-family (tri)dendriform algebra, then \(R\otimes k\Omega\) is naturally a (tri)dendriform algebra. Moreover, free \(\Omega\)-family (tri)dendriform algebras are described, in term of \(\Omega\)-typed planar binary and planar reduced trees, recovering the Loday-Ronco construction when \(\Omega\) is reduced to a singleton.



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