Hyperspaces of continua with connected boundaries in -Euclidean Peano continua

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2019.106954MaRDI QIDQ2291597zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 31 January 2020

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.10691

\( \pi \)-Euclidean space absorber continuum Hilbert cube hyperspace

Continua and generalizations (54F15) Hyperspaces of continua (54F16) Descriptive set theory (topological aspects of Borel, analytic, projective, etc. sets) (54H05) Topology of infinite-dimensional manifolds (57N20)

Abstract: Let

X

be a nondegenerate Peano unicoherent continuum. The family

C B (X)

of proper subcontinua of

X

with connected boundaries is a

G_{d} e l t a

-subset of the hyperspace

C (X)

of all subcontinua of

X

. If every nonempty open subset of

X

contains an open subset homeomorphic to

m a t h b b R^{n}

(such space is called

p i

-

n

-Euclidean) and

2 l e n < i n f t y

, then

C (X) s e t m i n u s C B (X)

is recognized as an

F_{s} i g m a

-absorber in

C (X)

; if additionally, no one-dimensional subset separates

X

, then the family of all members of

C B (X)

which separate

X

is a

D_{2} (F_{s} i g m a)

-absorber in

C (X)

, where

D_{2} (F_{s} i g m a)

denotes the small Borel class of differences of two

s i g m a

-compacta.

Review text

A space \(Y\) is said to be \(\pi\)-Euclidean (or \(\pi\)-\(n\)-Euclidean) if there exist \(n \in \mathbb{N}\) and a \(\pi\)-base of \(Y\) whose elements are homeomorphic to \(\mathbb{R}^n\). Let \(X\) be a continuum and let \(n\) be a positive integer. By a hyperspace of \(X\) we mean a specified collection of subsets of \(X\) endowed with the Hausdorff metric. Some of the most studied hyperspaces are \(2^X\) and \(\mathcal{C}_n(X)\). \(2^X\) is the hyperspace of all nonempty closed subsets of \(X\) and \(\mathcal{C}(X)\) is the hyperspace of all nonempty closed connected subsets of \(X\). Let \(CB(X) = \{A \in C(X) \setminus \{X\} \colon Bd(A) \text{ is connected}\}\), where \(Bd(A)\) denotes the boundary of \(A\) in \(X\). The objective of the paper under review is to present results on the family \(CB(X)\). Some results of the paper are: R1. If \(X\) is a nondegenerate continuum, then \(CB(X)\) is an \(F_{\sigma\delta}\)-subset of \(2^X\). R2. If \(X\) is a nondegenerate unicoherent continuum then \(CB(X)\) is a \(G_{\sigma}\)-subset of \(C(X)\). R3. If \(X\) is \(\pi\)-\(n\)-Euclidean, \(2 \leq n <\infty\), then \(C(X) \setminus CB(X)\) is strongly \(F_{\sigma}\)-universal. R4. If \(X\) is \(\pi\)-\(n\)-Euclidean, \(n \geq 2\), then there is a homeomorphism \(h \colon I^{\infty} \to C(X)\) such that \(h((0, 1)^{\infty}) = CB(X)\).

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