Shadow biquandles and local biquandles

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2019.107041MaRDI QIDQ2293009zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Kanako Oshiro

Publication date 6 February 2020

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.00801

zbMATH Keywords

cocycle invariantscohomology groupshomology groupslinkslocal biquandlesshadow biquandlessurface-links

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Knot theory (57K10) Generalized knots (virtual knots, welded knots, quandles, etc.) (57K12) Higher-dimensional knots and links (57K45)

Abstract: Given a shadow biquandle $(B,X)$ composed of a biquandle $B$ and a strongly connected $B$-set $X$, we have a local biquandle structure on $X$. The (co)homology groups of such shadow biquandles are isomorphic to those of the corresponding local biquandles. Moreover, cocycle invariants, of oriented links and oriented surface-links, using such shadow biquandles coincide with those using the corresponding local biquandles. These results imply that for some cases, the Niebrzydowski's theory in [14, 15, 16] for knot-theoretic ternary quasigroups is the same as shadow biquandle theory. We also show that some local biquandle $2$- or $3$-cocycles and some $1$- or $2$-cocycles of the Niebrzydowski's (co)homology theory can be induced from Mochizuki's cocycles.

Review text

Biquandles are a generalization of quandles and they are algebraic systems, equipped with two binary operations coming from the Reidemeister moves of oriented link diagrams with semi-arc labelings. Shadow quandle theory and shadow biquandle theory are related to region labelings for oriented link diagrams in addition to arc or semi-arc labelings. The author shows that the (co)homology groups of shadow biquandles composed of a biquandle \(B\) and a strongly connected \(B\)-set, are isomorphic to those of the corresponding local biquandles. Moreover, cocycle invariants of oriented links and oriented surface-links, using such shadow biquandles, coincide with those using the corresponding local biquandles. As a consequence, the author shows that some local biquandle \(2\)- or \(3\)-cocycles and some \(1\)- or \(2\)-cocycles of Niebrzydowski's (co)homology theory can be induced from Mochizuki's cocycles.

Recommendations

• Local biquandles and Niebrzydowski's tribracket theory
• The shadow nature of positive and twisted quandle invariants of knots
• Biquandle cohomology and state-sum invariants of links and surface-links
• From biquandle structures to Hom-biquandles
• Biquandle (co)homology and handlebody-links

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Cited in

(7)

• Local biquandles and Niebrzydowski's tribracket theory
• Biquandle (co)homology and handlebody-links
• Biquandle cohomology and state-sum invariants of links and surface-links
• Palettes of Dehn colorings for spatial graphs and the classification of vertex conditions
• Categorifying biquandle brackets
• Entropic Niebrzydowski tribrackets
• Goeritz matrices of spatial graphs related to Dehn colorings with alternating vertex conditions

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