Random self-similar trees: a mathematical theory of Horton laws

DOI10.1214/19-PS331MaRDI QIDQ2305573zbMATHFDO

Authors Ilya Zaliapin, Yevgeniy Kovchegov

Publication date 11 March 2020

Published in Probability Surveys (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.02629

zbMATH Keywords

Horton lawshydrophysics

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Trees (05C05) Random graphs (graph-theoretic aspects) (05C80) Brownian motion (60J65) Branching processes (Galton-Watson, birth-and-death, etc.) (60J80) Hydrodynamic stability (76E99)

Abstract: The Horton laws originated in hydrology with a 1945 paper by Robert E. Horton, and for a long time remained a purely empirical finding. Ubiquitous in hierarchical branching systems, the Horton laws have been rediscovered in many disciplines ranging from geomorphology to genetics to computer science. Attempts to build a mathematical foundation behind the Horton laws during the 1990s revealed their close connection to the operation of pruning -- erasing a tree from the leaves down to the root. This survey synthesizes recent results on invariances and self-similarities of tree measures under various forms of pruning. We argue that pruning is an indispensable instrument for describing branching structures and representing a variety of coalescent and annihilation dynamics. The Horton laws appear as a characteristic imprint of self-similarity, which settles some questions prompted by geophysical data.

Recommendations

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• A self-similar invariance of critical binary Galton-Watson trees
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Cited in

(17)

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