Weak frames in Hilbert C^*-modules with application in Gabor analysis

DOI10.1215/17358787-2019-0021MaRDI QIDQ2329258zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 17 October 2019

Published in Banach Journal of Mathematical Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.01952, https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.bjma/1570608172

Bessel sequence frame Gabor frame Hilbert \(C^\ast\)-module von Neumann algebra

General harmonic expansions, frames (42C15) Nontrigonometric harmonic analysis involving wavelets and other special systems (42C40) (C^*)-modules (46L08) General theory of von Neumann algebras (46L10)

Abstract: In the first part of the paper we describe the dual ell^2(A)^{prime} of the standard Hilbert C*-module ell^2(A) over an arbitrary (not necessarily unital) C*-algebra A. When A is a von Neumann algebra, this enables us to construct explicitly a self-dual Hilbert A-module ell^2_{ ext{strong}}(A) that is isometrically isomorphic to ell^2(A)^{prime}, which contains ell^2(A), and whose A-valued inner product extends the original inner product on ell^2(A). This serves as a concrete realization of a general construction for Hilbert C*-modules over von Neumann algebras introduced by W. Paschke. Then we introduce a concept of a weak Bessel sequence and a weak frame in Hilbert C*-modules over von Neumann algebras. The dual ell^2(A)^{prime} is recognized as a suitable target space for the analysis operator. We describe fundamental properties of weak frames such as the correspondence with surjective adjointable operators, the canonical dual, the reconstruction formula, etc; first for self-dual modules and then, working in the dual, for general modules. In the last part of the paper we describe a class of Hilbert C*-modules over L^{infty}(I), where I is a bounded interval on the real line, that appear naturally in connection with Gabor (i.e. Weyl-Heisenberg) systems. We then demonstrate that Gabor Bessel systems and Gabor frames in L^2(Bbb R) are in a bijective correspondence with weak Bessel systems and weak frames of translates by a in these modules over L^{infty}[0,1/b], where a,b>0 are the lattice parameters. In this setting some well known results on Gabor systems are discussed and some new are obtained.

Review text

Given a \(C^\ast\) algebra \(A\) the author considers the (left) Hilbert \(C^\ast\)-module \(\ell^2(A)\) defined as \[ \ell^2(A) = \{(a_n)_n:\ a_n\in A,\ \sum_{n=1}^\infty a_n a_n^\ast \ \mbox{converges in norm in}\ A\}. \] The goal of section 2 is to describe the adjointable dual \(\ell^2(A)^\ast\) and the dual \(\ell^2(A)^\prime,\) consisting on those bounded module maps from \(\ell^2(A)\) into \(A.\) In Theorem 2.3, \(\ell^2(A)^\prime\) is identified with \[ \ell^2_{\mathrm{strong}}(LM(A)) = \{(c_n)n:\ c_n\in LM(A),\ \sup_N\|\sum_{n=1}^N c_n c_n^\ast\| < \infty\}, \] where \(LM(A)\) stands for the set of left multipliers of \(A.\) The adjointable dual \(\ell^2(A)^\ast\) coincides with the set \(M\left(\ell^2(A)\right)\) of multipliers of \(\ell^2(A).\) If \(A\) is a von Newmann algebra then \(\ell^2(A)^\prime\) is antilinearly isometrically isomorphic to the Hilbert \(A\)-module \(\ell^2_{\mathrm{strong}}(A),\) and it is self-dual. In section 3, the author introduces the concept of a weak Bessel sequence and a weak frame in a self-dual Hilbert \(C^\ast\)-module \(X\) over a von Newmann algebra \(A.\) The corresponding analysis operator \(U:X\to \ell^2_{\mathrm{strong}}(A)\) and its adjoint, the synthesis operator, are discussed in Theorem 3.4. The invertibility of \(U^\ast U\) is the content of Theorem 3.15. Section 4 discusses a sufficient condition on a sequence \(\left(x_n\right)_n,\) described in terms of Gram matrices, to ensure the weak Bessel property under the additional condition that the von Newmann algebra \(A\) is commutative. Section 5 describes a class of Hilbert \(C^\ast\)-modules that are naturally connected to Gabor analysis. Let \(L^\infty_a\left(\ell^2\right)\) denote the set of those measurable functions \(f:{\mathbb R}\to {\mathbb C}\) such that \(\mbox{ess}\sup_{x\in [0,a]}\sum_{n\in {\mathbb Z}}|f(x-na)|^2 < \infty.\) \(L^\infty_a\left(\ell^2\right)\) is a self-dual Hilbert \(C^\ast\)-module over the von Newmann algebra \(L^\infty[0,a]\) when it is endowed with the vector valued inner product \[ L^\infty_a\left(\ell^2\right)\times L^\infty_a\left(\ell^2\right)\to L^\infty[0,a],\ \ (f,g)\mapsto \sum_{n\in {\mathbb Z}}f(x-na)\overline{g(x-na)} \] (Theorem 5.6). A correspondence between Gabor Bessel sequences (Gabor frames) in \(L^2({\mathbb R})\) and weak Bessel sequences (weak frames) of translates in the Hilbert \(C^\ast\)-modules \(L^\infty_a\left(\ell^2\right)\) is established in Theorem 5.9. This correspondence permits to reinterpret in section 6 some of the classical results from Gabor analysis. In particular, a Walnut representation of the frame operator of Gabor Bessel sequences in \(L^2({\mathbb R})\) is obtained without the assumption that the windows belong to the Wiener space or satisfy the CC condition.

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