A few shape optimization results for a biharmonic Steklov problem

Abstract: We derive the equation of a free vibrating thin plate whose mass is concentrated at the boundary, namely a Steklov problem for the biharmonic operator. We provide Hadamard-type formulas for the shape derivatives of the corresponding eigenvalues and prove that balls are critical domains under volume constraint. Finally, we prove an isoperimetric inequality for the first positive eigenvalue.

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The authors study the dependence of the eigenvalues of the following Steklov problem for the biharmonic operator on \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n\): \[ \begin{cases} \triangle ^2 u - \tau\triangle u =0 \text{ in }\Omega, \;\tau>0\\ \frac{\partial ^2 u}{d\nu ^2}=0 \text{ on }\partial\Omega\\ \tau\frac{\partial u}{d\nu}-\text{div}(D^2_{u,\nu})-\frac{\partial\triangle u}{d\nu} =\lambda u\text{ on }\partial\Omega, \end{cases}\tag{1} \] where \(D^2\) is the Hessian matrix of \(u\). The purpose of the paper is to study the dependence of the eigenvalues \(\lambda_j\) of ({1}) on the domain \(\Omega\). The proof consists of several steps: First study ({1}) as the natural fourth order extension of a simpler problem. Prove that the spectrum of the eigenvalue problem for \(N=2\) is discrete. Show that the elementary symmetric functions of the eigenvalues are analytic functions, and that the ball is the critical point of these functions. Show that the ball is a maximizer for the fundamental tone. The proofs use symmetric spaces, Sobolev spaces, integration by parts, spherical coordinates, Bessel functions, Brock-Weinstock inequality.

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