On a Babuška paradox for polyharmonic operators: spectral stability and boundary homogenization for intermediate problems

DOI10.1007/S00020-019-2552-0MaRDI QIDQ2284357zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Pier Domenico Lamberti, Francesco Ferraresso

Publication date 14 January 2020

Published in Integral Equations and Operator Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.10965

boundary homogenization polyharmonic operator spectral analysis

Biharmonic and polyharmonic equations and functions in higher dimensions (31B30) Homogenization in context of PDEs; PDEs in media with periodic structure (35B27) Boundary value problems for higher-order elliptic equations (35J40)

Abstract: We analyse the spectral convergence of high order elliptic differential operators subject to singular domain perturbations and homogeneous boundary conditions of intermediate type. We identify sharp assumptions on the domain perturbations improving, in the case of polyharmonic operators of higher order, conditions known to be sharp in the case of fourth order operators. The optimality is proved by analysing in detail a boundary homogenization problem, which provides a smooth version of a polyharmonic Babuv{s}ka paradox.

Review text

In this interesting paper, the authors investigate the spectral convergence of high-order elliptic differential operators subject to singular domain perturbations and homogeneous boundary conditions of intermediate type. In particular, they discuss a Babuška-type paradox for the case of polyharmonic operators \((-\Delta)^m\), with \(m>2\), subject to intermediate boundary conditions. A way to describe the Babuška paradox in a classical formulation consists in considering a circle \(\Omega\) and an invading sequence of indented polygons \(\Omega_n\). Under certain assumptions, the solution \(u_n\) to the problem \[ \begin{cases} \Delta^2 u_n=f & \text{in } \Omega_n\, , \\ u_n=0 & \text{on } \partial \Omega_n\, , \\ \frac{\partial^2 u_n}{\partial n^2}=0 & \text{on } \partial \Omega_n\, , \end{cases} \] does not converge to the solution of the same problem in \(\Omega\). In the present paper, the authors obtain two main results. The first one is a general stability criterion for self-adjoint elliptic differential operators of order \(2m\) with non-constant coefficients and compact resolvents on varying domains featuring a fast oscillating boundary. The second one concerns a smooth version of the Babuška paradox for polyharmonic operators \((-\Delta)^m\), with \(m>2\). Given a sufficiently regular bounded domain \(W\) in \(\mathbb{R}^{N-1}\), \(N \geq 2\), they set \(\Omega \equiv W \times (-1,0)\) and \[ \Omega_\epsilon = \{(\overline{x},x_N) :\overline{x} \in W, -1< x_N <\epsilon^\alpha b(\overline{x}/\epsilon)\}\, , \] where \(\overline{x} =(x_1,\dots, x_{N-1})\) and \(b\) is a non-constant, smooth, positive, periodic function of period \([-1/2,1/2]^{N-1}\). Then they denote by \(u_\epsilon\) the solution to a Poisson problem for \((-\Delta)^m+\mathbb{I}\) subject to strong intermediate boundary conditions and they study the convergence of \(u_\epsilon\) as \(\epsilon \to 0\). They show that the behavior of the limit \(u\) depends on the parameter \(\alpha\). Namely, if \(\alpha >3/2\) they have stability (i.e., the limit function \(u\) solves the same problem in \(\Omega\)), if \(\alpha <3/2\) they have degeneration (i.e., the limit function \(u\) satisfies Dirichlet boundary condtions on \(W \times \{0\}\)), whereas if \(\alpha = 3/2\) a \textit{strange term} appears.

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