Coherent analogues of matrix factorizations and relative singularity categories

coderived categories covariant Serre-Grothendieck derived categories of the second kind direct and inverse images localization theory matrix factorizations relative singularities of cartier divisors triangulated categories of singularities

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Derived categories and commutative rings (13D09) Representation theory of associative rings and algebras (16G99)

Abstract: We define the triangulated category of relative singularities of a closed subscheme in a scheme. When the closed subscheme is a Cartier divisor, we consider matrix factorizations of the related section of a line bundle, and their analogues with locally free sheaves replaced by coherent ones. The appropriate exotic derived category of coherent matrix factorizations is then identified with the triangulated category of relative singularities, while the similar exotic derived category of locally free matrix factorizations is its full subcategory. The latter category is identified with the kernel of the direct image functor corresponding to the closed embedding of the zero locus and acting between the conventional (absolute) triangulated categories of singularities. Similar results are obtained for matrix factorizations of infinite rank; and two different "large" versions of the triangulated category of relative singularities, corresponding to the approaches of Orlov and Krause, are identified in the case of a Cartier divisor. A version of the Thomason-Trobaugh-Neeman localization theory is proven for coherent matrix factorizations and disproven for locally free matrix factorizations of finite rank. Contravariant (coherent) and covariant (quasi-coherent) versions of the Serre-Grothendieck duality theorems for matrix factorizations are established, and pull-backs and push-forwards of matrix factorizations are discussed at length. A number of general results about derived categories of the second kind for CDG-modules over quasi-coherent CDG-algebras are proven on the way. Hochschild (co)homology of matrix factorization categories are discussed in an appendix.

Review text

In this article, the authors define and investigate the \textit{triangulated category of relative singularities} associated to a closed subscheme \(Z\) of a separated Noetherian scheme \(X\) with enough vector bundles, where \(\mathcal{O}_Z\) has finite flat dimension as an \(\mathcal{O}_X\)-module. It is given by the quotient of \(\text{D}^b(Z)\) by the thick subcategory generated by the image of the derived inverse image functor \(\mathbb{L}i^*: \text{D}^b(X) \to \text{D}^b(Z)\), and it is denoted by \(\text{D}^b_{\mathrm{Sing}}(Z/X)\). When \(X\) is regular, \(\text{D}^b_{\mathrm{Sing}}(Z/X)\) is precisely the singularity category of \(Z\) as defined by \textit{R.-O. Buchweitz} in [``Maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules and Tate-cohomology over Gorenstein rings, unpublished manuscript (1987)]. In Section 1 of the article, the authors establish some general results regarding \textit{derived categories of the second kind} (cf. [\textit{L. Positselski}, Mem. Am. Math. Soc. 996, i-iii, 133 p. (2011; Zbl 1275.18002)]) associated to curved dg-modules over curved dg-rings. These results are applied later in the article to \textit{matrix factorizations}, which may be considered as curved dg-modules over a certain curved dg algebra. In Section 2, the authors prove what they refer to as their main result. Let \(X\) be as above, let \(\mathcal{L}\) be a line bundle on \(X\), and let \(w \in \mathcal{L}(X)\) be a section. Let \(X_0 \subseteq X\) denote the closed subscheme given by the zero locus of \(w\). Assume the morphism of sheaves \(w: \mathcal{O}_X \to \mathcal{L}\) is injective. Let \((X, \mathcal{L}, w)-\text{coh}\) denote the category of \textit{coherent matrix factorizations} of \(w\); that is, the pair of \(\mathcal{O}_X\)-modules underlying the matrix factorization is allowed to be a pair of coherent modules, rather than locally free. The authors construct an equivalence \[ \text{D}^{\text{abs}} ((X, \mathcal{L}, w)-\text{coh})) \to \text{D}^b_{\mathrm{Sing}}(X_0/X), \] where \(\text{D}^{\text{abs}}(-)\) denotes a certain derived category of the second kind. When X is regular, this theorem recovers a well-known theorem of \textit{D. Orlov} (Theorem 3.5 of [Math. Ann. 353, No. 1, 95--108 (2012; Zbl 1243.81178)]). The authors also establish, in this section, what they refer to as covariant and contravariant Serre-Grothendieck duality theorems for matrix factorizations. In Section 3, the authors give some general results on ma- trix factorizations with a support condition, and also pushforwards and pullbacks of matrix factorizations. Hochschild (co)homology of dg categories of matrix factorizations is discussed in an appendix.

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