Two formulas for the BR multiplicity

Hilbert-Samuel and Hilbert-Kunz functions; Poincaré series (13D40) Multiplicity theory and related topics (13H15) Intersection theory, characteristic classes, intersection multiplicities in algebraic geometry (14C17)

Abstract: We prove a projection formula, expressing a relative Buchsbaum--Rim multiplicity in terms of corresponding ones over a module-finite algebra of pure degree, generalizing an old formula for the ordinary (Samuel) multiplicity. Our proof is simple in spirit: after the multiplicities are expressed as sums of intersection numbers, the desired formula results from two projection formulas, one for cycles and another for Chern classes. Similarly, but without using any projection formula, we prove an expansion formula, generalizing the additivity formula for the ordinary multiplicity, a case of the associativity formula.

Review text

As the title indicates, the paper presents two formulas regarding the relative Buchsbaum-Rim multiplicity \(e(M,N)\) of a pair of nested modules \(M \subseteq N\). Let \(R\) be a noetherian local ring of positive dimension and let \(M \subseteq N\) be finitely generated \(R\)-modules. Assume that \(N/M\) has finite length and \(N_{\mathfrak p}\) is a free \(R_{\mathfrak p}\)-module of rank \(r_{\mathfrak p}\) for every minimal prime ideal \(\mathfrak{p}\) of \(R\). If \(s(N):=\max\{\dim (R/\mathfrak{p}) + r_{\mathfrak p} - 1 \}\) over all the minimal prime ideals \(\mathfrak{p}\) of \(R\) and \(\Lambda\) is the set of those minimal primes for which the maximum is attained, the following \textit{expansion formula} is proved: \[ e(M,N)=\sum_{\mathfrak p \in \Lambda }\ell(R_{\mathfrak p}) e(M+\mathfrak{p}N/\mathfrak{p}N, N/\mathfrak{p}N). \] This generalizes the associativity formula for the classical Hilbert-Samuel multiplicity. A second \textit{projection formula} is proved with the following additional set-up. Let \(R'\) be a module finite \(R\)-algebra of pure degree \(\delta\). For every maximal ideal \(\mathfrak{m}\) of \(R'\), let \(\delta_{\mathfrak m}\) be the degree of the residue field extension of \(R'_{\mathfrak m}\) over \(R\), set \(N'_{\mathfrak m}=N \otimes R'_{\mathfrak m}\), and let \(M'_{\mathfrak m} \subseteq N'_{\mathfrak m}\) be the \(R'_{\mathfrak m}\)-submodule generated by \(M\). If \(\Phi\) denotes the set of those maximal ideals \(\mathfrak{m}\) of \(R'\) for which \(s(N'_{\mathfrak m})=s(N)\), then \[ \delta e(M,N)=\sum_{\mathfrak m \in \Phi} \delta_{\mathfrak m} e(M'_{\mathfrak m}, N'_{\mathfrak m}). \] This formula recovers a result proved by \textit{O. Zariski} and \textit{P. Samuel} [Commutative algebra. Vol. II. (The University Series in Higher Mathematics.) Princeton, N.J.-Toronto- London-New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc. 1960. (1960; Zbl 0121.27801)] in the case of ordinary multiplicities.

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