New simple Lie superalgebras in characteristic 3

DOI10.1016/J.JALGEBRA.2005.06.014MaRDI QIDQ2368801zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 28 April 2006

Published in Journal of Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0412395

Freudenthal triple systems orthogonal triple systems simple Lie algebras superalgebras symplectic triple systems

Ternary compositions (17A40) Simple, semisimple, reductive (super)algebras (17B20) Exceptional (super)algebras (17B25) Modular Lie (super)algebras (17B50)

Abstract: Symplectic (respectively orthogonal) triple systems provide constructions of Lie algebras (resp. superalgebras). However, in characteristic 3, it is shown that this role can be interchanged and that Lie superalgebras (resp. algebras) can be built out of symplectic triple systems (resp. orthogonal triple systems) with a different construction. As a consequence, new simple finite dimensional Lie superalgebras, as well as new models of some nonclassical simple Lie algebras, are obtained over fields of characteristic 3.

Review text

The paper under review is devoted to the construction of Lie (super-)algebras from symplectic or orthogonal triple systems. Although new phenomena appear only in characteristic 3, the constructions give interesting results in any characteristic \(\neq 2\). Let \(T\) be a symplectic triple system, that is a vector space endowed with a trilinear product and a bilinear form subject to some conditions [\textit{K. Yamaguti}, Proc. Japan Acad. 51, 253--258 (1975; Zbl 0298.17010)]. One can associate to \(T\) a space of inner derivations denoted \(\mathrm{inder}(T)\). Then, a classical result states that the vector space \(\mathfrak{g} = (\mathfrak{sl}_2 \oplus \mathrm{inder}(T)) \oplus (k^2 \otimes T)\) has a natural structure of a Lie algebra. In Section 2, the author classifies all simple symplectic triple systems over algebraically closed fields of characteristic \(\neq 2\), and determines the corresponding Lie algebras. In characteristic \(\neq 2,3\) he obtains models for classical Lie algebras in all Dynkin types (A to G). In characteristic 3, additional non-classical simple Lie algebras are obtained, namely a one-parameter family due to \textit{A. I. Kostrikin} [Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Mat. 34, 744--756 (1970; Zbl 0245.17008)] and a 29-dimensional Brown algebra [Math. Ann. 261, 487--492 (1982; Zbl 0485.17005)]. In Section 3 it is proved that when the ground field has characteristic 3, there exists a structure of Lie superalgebra on \(\tilde{\mathfrak{g}}(T) = \mathrm{inder}(T) \oplus T\). These superalgebras are determined using the classification of Section 2. In particular, it is shown that five new simple Lie superalgebras arise in this fashion. Dually, one may consider orthogonal triple systems instead of symplectic ones [\textit{S. Okubo}, J. Math. Phys. 34, No. 7, 3273--3291 (1993; Zbl 0790.15028)]. To such a triple system \(T\) one can associate a structure of Lie superalgebra on the space \(\mathfrak{g}(T)\) as above. In Section 4, the author gives a partial classification of simple orthogonal triple systems (it is complete in characteristic 0), and describes the corresponding Lie superalgebras. Again, new simple Lie superalgebras appear in characteristic 3. In Section 5, it is proved that \(\tilde{\mathfrak{g}}(T)\) as above has a natural Lie algebra structure when the ground field has characteristic 3. The Lie algebras corresponding to the orthogonal triple systems of Section 4 are described. One obtains simple classical Lie algebras of type A,C and E, as well as new models for the Kostrikin series and the Brown algebra as above.

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