Global attractor for a nonlinear oscillator coupled to the Klein-Gordon field

continuous spectrum dispersive radiation long-time asymptotic behaviour one-dimensional $U(1)$-invariant nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation solitary waves U(1)-invariant dispersive Hamiltonian system

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Attractors (35B41) PDEs in connection with quantum mechanics (35Q40) Soliton theory, asymptotic behavior of solutions of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems (37K40) Attractors and their dimensions, Lyapunov exponents for infinite-dimensional dissipative dynamical systems (37L30) Model quantum field theories (81T10)

Abstract: The long-time asymptotics is analyzed for all finite energy solutions to a model U(1)-invariant nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation in one dimension, with the nonlinearity concentrated at a single point: each finite energy solution converges as time goes to plus or minus infinity to the set of all ``nonlinear eigenfunctions of the form $p s i (x) e s p - i o m e g a t$ . The global attraction is caused by the nonlinear energy transfer from lower harmonics to the continuous spectrum and subsequent dispersive radiation. We justify this mechanism by the following novel strategy based on inflation of spectrum by the nonlinearity. We show that any omega-limit trajectory has the time-spectrum in the spectral gap [-m,m] and satisfies the original equation. This equation implies the key spectral inclusion for spectrum of the nonlinear term. Then the application of the Titchmarsh Convolution Theorem reduces the spectrum of each omega-limit trajectory to a single harmonic in [-m,m]. The research is inspired by Bohr's postulate on quantum transitions and Schroedinger's identification of the quantum stationary states to the nonlinear eigenfunctions of the coupled U(1)-invariant Maxwell-Schroedinger and Maxwell-Dirac equations.

Review text

The authors study long-time asymptotic behaviour for all finite energy solutions to Cauchy problem for the model of the one-dimensional $U(1)$-invariant $(F(e^{ - i\theta }\psi ) = e^{ - i\theta }F(\psi)$, $\psi \in \mathbb{C}$, $\theta \in \mathbb{R})$ nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation with nonlinearity concentrated at a single point \[ \ddot {\psi }(x,t) = {\psi }(x,t) - m^2\psi (x,t) + \delta (x)F(\psi (0,t)),\quad \psi (x,0) = \psi _0 (x),\quad \dot {\psi }(x,0) = \pi _0 (x): \] each finite energy solution converges for $t \to \pm \infty $ to the set of all nonlinear eigenfunctions of the form $\psi(x)\exp (-i\omega t)$. The global attractor for all finite energy solutions is considered. In particular it is proved that for a U(1)-invariant dispersive Hamiltonian system the global attractor is finite-dimensional and is formed by solitary waves which are finite energy solutions of the type $\psi_\omega(x,t)=\psi_\omega(x)e^{i\omega t}$, $\omega\in\mathbb{C}$. It is shown that the global attraction is caused by the nonlinear energy transfer from lower harmonics to the continuous spectrum and subsequent dispersive radiation.

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