Fast rotating Bose-Einstein condensates in an asymmetric trap

DOI10.1016/J.JFA.2009.01.002MaRDI QIDQ2391260zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Amandine Aftalion, N. Lerner, X. Blanc

Publication date 24 July 2009

Published in Journal of Functional Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0811.4714

zbMATH Keywords

Abrikosov latticeBargmann spacesBose-Einstein condensationenergy boundsGross-Pitaevskii equationmetaplectic transformationsSegal quantizationvortex methods

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Theta functions and curves; Schottky problem (14H42) Polar geometry, symplectic spaces, orthogonal spaces (51A50) Momentum maps; symplectic reduction (53D20) Vortex methods applied to problems in fluid mechanics (76M23) Finite-dimensional groups and algebras motivated by physics and their representations (81R05) Quantum dynamics and nonequilibrium statistical mechanics (general) (82C10)

Abstract: We investigate the effect of the anisotropy of a harmonic trap on the behaviour of a fast rotating Bose-Einstein condensate. This is done in the framework of the 2D Gross-Pitaevskii equation and requires a symplectic reduction of the quadratic form defining the energy. This reduction allows us to simplify the energy on a Bargmann space and study the asymptotics of large rotational velocity. We characterize two regimes of velocity and anisotropy; in the first one where the behaviour is similar to the isotropic case, we construct an upper bound: a hexagonal Abrikosov lattice of vortices, with an inverted parabola profile. The second regime deals with very large velocities, a case in which we prove that the ground state does not display vortices in the bulk, with a 1D limiting problem. In that case, we show that the coarse grained atomic density behaves like an inverted parabola with large radius in the deconfined direction but keeps a fixed profile given by a Gaussian in the other direction. The features of this second regime appear as new phenomena.

Review text

The present paper departs from an earlier work [\textit{A. Aftalion, X. Blanc} and \textit{F. Nier}, J. Funct. Anal. 241, No. 2, 661--702 (2006; Zbl 1118.82004)] on mathematical aspects of fast rotating condensates in harmonic isotropic traps. This was done by means of a minimisation of the Gross-Pitaevskii energy and the introduction of Bargmann spaces to describe the lowest Landau level sets of states. The aim of the present article is to analyze the effect of aniosotropy on the energy minimization and the vortex pattern, and to give a mathematical meaning to a number of computations and conjectures due to \textit{A. Fetter} [Phys. Rev. A 75, 013620 (2007)]. This is done in the framework of the 2D Gross-Pitaevskii equation and requires a symplectic reduction of quadratic forms defining the energy. Two regimes of velocity and anisotropy are analyzed. In the first one, the asymptotics of large rotational velocity has been shown to yield an upper bound: a hexagonal Abrikosov lattice of vortices. In the second, dealing with very large velocities, the absence of vortices has been shown in the ground state, in the bulk. A number of features of the second regime appear as new phenomena.

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Cites work

• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5508173 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2188190 (Why is no real title available?)
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• Lowest Landau level functional and Bargmann spaces for Bose-Einstein condensates
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Cited in

(12)

• Equilibrium vortex lattices of a binary rotating atomic Bose-Einstein condensate with unequal atomic masses
• Stability and instability properties of rotating Bose-Einstein condensates
• Reduced energy functionals for a three-dimensional fast rotating Bose Einstein condensates
• Vortex patterns in Bose Einstein condensates
• Vortex Lattices in Rotating Bose–Einstein Condensates
• Rapidly rotating Bose-Einstein condensates in strongly anharmonic traps
• Energy and vorticity in fast rotating Bose–Einstein condensates
• Rossby waves in rapidly rotating Bose-Einstein condensates
• Anisotropy and vortices in Bose Einstein condensates
• Fast state and trap rotation of a particle in an anisotropic potential
• The heat kernel of the \(\tau \)-twisted Laplacian
• The giant vortex state for a Bose-Einstein condensate in a rotating anharmonic trap: extreme rotation regimes

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