Classifying local Artinian Gorenstein algebras

Special types (Cohen-Macaulay, Gorenstein, Buchsbaum, etc.) (13H10) Commutative rings of differential operators and their modules (13N10) Parametrization (Chow and Hilbert schemes) (14C05)

Abstract: The classification of local Artinian Gorenstein algebras is equivalent to the study of orbits of a certain non-reductive group action on a polynomial ring. We give an explicit formula for the orbits and their tangent spaces. We apply our technique to analyse when an algebra is isomorphic to its associated graded algebra. We classify algebras with Hilbert function (1, 3, 3, 3, 1), obtaining finitely many isomorphism types, and those with Hilbert function (1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1). We consider fields of arbitrary, large enough, characteristic.

Review text

Let \((A,\mathfrak m_A,k)\) be a local Artinian algebra, where \(k \cong A/\mathfrak m_A\) is a field. The \textit{Hilbert function} of \(A\) is the function \(H_A(i) = \dim_{k}\mathfrak{m}_A^{i}/\mathfrak{m}_A^{i+1}\). The \textit{socle degree} of \(A\) is the largest integer such that \(H_A(d) \neq 0\). A result of Iarrobino says that if \(H_A(d-i) = H_A(i) \) for all \(i\) then the \textit{associated graded algebra} \(\text{gr }A = \bigoplus_{i \geq 0} \mathfrak{m}^{i}_A/\mathfrak{m}^{i+1}_{A}\) is Gorenstein. The motivating problem here is to understand local Artinian Gorenstein algebras with fixed Hilbert function up to isomorphism. The author reproves a result of Elias and Rossi that such an algebra with Hilbert function \((1,n,n,1)\) or \((1,n,\binom{n+1}{2},n,2)\) is isomorphic to its associated graded algebra. He then proves a similar result for the Hilbert functions \((1,2,3,3,2,1)\) and \((1,2,2,2,\dots,2,1)\), at least for general such algebras with this Hilbert function. He analyzes the canonically graded case from the point of view of the dual socle generators, showing that this set is irreducible, but in general is neither open nor closed. He shows that there are eleven isomorphism types for algebras with Hilbert function \((1,3,3,3,1)\). Finally, he classifies algebras with Hilbert function \((1,2,2,2,1,1,1)\), obtaining \(|k|+1\) isomorphism types. At the end of the introduction he proposes some natural problems for researchers in this area.

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