Asymptotics of q-Plancherel measures.

DOI10.1007/S00440-010-0331-6MaRDI QIDQ2428504zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Valentin Féray, Pierre-Loïc Méliot

Publication date 26 April 2012

Published in Zeitschrift für Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und Verwandte Gebiete (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1001.2180

Hecke algebras limiting shape partitions of integers Plancherel measure random partitions Young diagrams

Combinatorial aspects of partitions of integers (05A17) Hecke algebras and their representations (20C08) Representations of finite symmetric groups (20C30) Probabilistic methods in group theory (20P05) Combinatorial probability (60C05)

Abstract: In this paper, we are interested in the asymptotic size of rows and columns of a random Young diagram under a natural deformation of the Plancherel measure coming from Hecke algebras. The first lines of such diagrams are typically of order

n

, so it does not fit in the context studied by P. Biane and P. 'Sniady. Using the theory of polynomial functions on Young diagrams of Kerov and Olshanski, we are able to compute explicitly the first- and second-order asymptotics of the length of the first rows. Our method works also for other measures, for instance those coming from Schur-Weyl representations.

Review text

Let \(\mathcal Y_n\) be the set of all partitions of an integer \(n\). On this set there are various natural probability measures, the most famous one being the Plancherel measure, which associates to a partition \(\lambda\) the probability \(\frac{\chi_\lambda(1)^2}{n!}\). \textit{S. V. Kerov} [Funct. Anal. Appl. 26, No. 3, 179-187 (1992; translation from Funkts. Anal. Prilozh. 26, No. 3, 35-45 (1992; Zbl 0796.05092)] introduced a \(q\)-deformation of this measure, which is related to the decomposition of the regular trace in Iwahori-Hecke algebras. In this article the limiting shape of a random partition with respect to this measure is studied. It is shown that if \(\lambda\) is chosen at random with respect to the \(q\)-Plancherel measure for \(q<1\), then for each \(r\) the joint distribution of \(\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_r\) converges to a Gaussian distribution, in which \(\lambda_i/n\) has mean \((1-q)q^i\), in particular, the first few parts of the partition are containing most of the boxes. This differs greatly from the Plancherel measure or the equidistribution on \(\mathcal Y_n\), where the largest part is of order \(\sqrt n\) and \(\sqrt n\log n\), respectively. The variance of \(\lambda_i\) and the covariance of \(\lambda_i\) and \(\lambda_j\) is also determined. For the proof define for a partition \(\lambda\) the Frobenius coordinates \((a_i,b_i)_{i\leq d}\) by \(a_i=\lambda_i-i\), \(b_i=\lambda'_i-i\), where \(d\) is the size of the diagonal of \(\lambda\). The authors then define the power sums \[ p_k(\lambda)=\sum_{i=1}^d\bigl(a_i(\lambda)+\tfrac{1}{2}\bigr)^k-\bigl(-b_i(\lambda)-\tfrac{1}{2}\bigr)^k, \] and compute the joint distribution of an \(\ell\)-tuple of these functions. This result is then transformed into the result on the row lengths.

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