The (mod, integral) sum numbers of fans and K_n,n-E(nK₂)

DOI10.1016/J.DISC.2006.05.019MaRDI QIDQ2433723zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 30 October 2006

Published in Discrete Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.disc.2006.05.019

Graph labelling (graceful graphs, bandwidth, etc.) (05C78)

The sum graph \(G^{+}(S)\) of a finite subset \(S\) of the set of natural numbers or of all integers, respectively, is the graph \((S,E)\) with \(uv\in E\) if and only if \(u+v\in S\). A graph \(G\) is said to be an (integral) sum graph if it is isomorphic to the sum graph of some subset \(S\) of \(N(Z)\). The (integral) sum number \(\sigma (G)\)(\(\zeta (G)\)) of \(G\) is the smallest number of isolated vertices which when added to \(G\) result in an (integral) sum graph. A mod sum graph is a sum graph with \(S\subset Z_{m}\backslash \{0\}\) and all arithmetic performed modulo \(m\) where \(m\geq | S| +1\) and the mod sum number \(\rho (G)\) of \(G\) is the least number \(\rho \) of isolated vertices \(\rho K_{1}\) such that \(G\cup \rho K_{1}\) is a mod sum graph. In this paper it is shown that (i) for \(n\geq 6\), \(K_{n,n}-E(nK_{2})\) has \(\rho =n-2\), \(\sigma =2n-3\) and \(\zeta =2n-5\), (ii) for \(n\geq 3\), the \(n\) spoked fan \(F_{n}\) is an integral sum graph, \(\rho (F_{4})=1\), \(\rho (F_{n})=2\) for \(n\neq 4\), and \(\sigma (F_{n})\) is equal to 2 for \(n=4\), 3 for \(n=3\) or \(n\geq 6\) and \(n\) even, and 4 for \(n\geq 5\) and \(n\) odd.

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