Christoffel-Darboux formula for zonal spherical functions for the Gelfand pair (U(n),U(n - 1))

Christoffel-Darboux formula Fourier expansion Gelfand pair \((U(n),U(n-1))\)Jacobi polynomials Legendre polynomials recurrence relations zonal spherical functions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Spherical harmonics (33C55) Connections of hypergeometric functions with groups and algebras, and related topics (33C80) Fourier coefficients, Fourier series of functions with special properties, special Fourier series (42A16)

Review text

There is the well-known possibility of Fourier expansion of a function \(f(x)\) according to the orthonormal system of Legendre polynomials \(\{p_1\mid 1=0,1,2,\dots\}\), with the inner product \((f,g)= \int^1_{-1} f(x)\overline{g(x)}\,dx\) and the properties of this system: \[ f(x)= \sum^\infty_{l=0} (f,p_1)p_1(x), \] \[ \sum^k_{l=0} (f,p_1)p_1(x)= \int^1_{-1} f(x)\Biggl(\sum^k_{l=0} ((21+ 1)/2) P_1(x), P_1(y)\Biggr)\,dy, \] \[ \sum^k_{l=0} (21+ 1)P_1(x)P_1(y)= ((k+1)/(x- y) (P_{k+1}(x)P_k(y)- P_k(x) P_{k+1}(y)), \] (known as Christoffel-Darboux formula), \((1+2)P_{1+2}(x)-(21+3)\times P_{1+1}(x)+ (1+1)P_1(x)= 0\) (the recurrence relation for the \(P_1\mid 1=0,1,2,\dots\}\) system), where \(P_1(x)\) is the Legendre polynomial of degree 1. The author establishes similar properties for the zonal spherical functions for the Gelfand pair \((U(n),U(n-1))\), where \(U(n)\) is the unitary group of degree \(n\). Being closely related to the Jacobi polynomials, the zonal spherical functions are given by the orthogonal functions \(G_{p,q}\); \(p,q= 0,1,2,\dots\)\ . For this system there is known the following generating function \[ (1- 2\text{\,Re}(wz)+ |z|^2)^{1-n}= \sum^\infty_{p,q= 0} G_{p,q}(z) w^p\overline w^q,\quad (w,z\in C,|w|< 1,|z|< 1). \] The main results of the paper are: 1. for the system \(\{G_{p,q}\mid p,q= 0,1,2,\dots\}\) there exists a Christoffel-Darboux formula; 2. in some conditions, the Fourier expansion of \(f(x)\), defined on the unit, open disk \(|z|< 1\) in \(C\), \(f(x)= \sum^\infty_{p,q= 0} c_{p,q} G_{p,q}(z)\), converges pointwise.

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