Periodic binary harmonic functions on lattices

Abstract: A function on a (generally infinite) graph

G

with values in a field

K

of characteristic 2 will be called {it harmonic} if its value at every vertex of

G

is the sum of its values over all adjacent vertices. We consider binary pluri-periodic harmonic functions

on integer lattices, and address the problem of describing the set of possible multi-periods

of such functions. Actually this problem arises in the theory of cellular automata. It occurs to be equivalent to determining, for a certain affine algebraic hypersurface

V_{s}

in

, the torsion multi-orders of the points on

V_{s}

in the multiplicative group

. In particular

V_{2}

is an elliptic cubic curve. In this special case we provide a more thorough treatment. A major part of the paper is devoted to a survey of the subject.

Review text

The authors of the paper define the concept of harmonic function, as a function on a graph \(\Gamma\) with values in a fixed field \(K\) of characteristic 2 if its value at every vertex of \(\Gamma\) equals the sum of its values over all adjacent vertices. Binary pluri-periodic harmonic functions over integer lattices are considered. Interesting applications related to cellular automata theory and to graph theory are discussed.

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