On sparse sets with the Green function of the highest smoothness

Polynomials and rational functions of one complex variable (30C10) Zeros of polynomials, rational functions, and other analytic functions of one complex variable (e.g., zeros of functions with bounded Dirichlet integral) (30C15) Approximation by polynomials (41A10)

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Let \(E\subset[-1,1]\), \(\pm1\in E\), be a compact set with positive logarithmic capacity. For \(\Omega=\overline{\mathbb C}\setminus E\), let denote \(g_{\Omega}(z)\), \(z\in\Omega\), the Green function of \(\Omega\) with pole at \(\infty\). It is assumed that \(E\) is a regular set which means that \(g_{\Omega}\) extends continuously to \(E\) where it vanishes. The author discusses the properties of \(E\) whose Green's function has the ``highest smoothness, i.e. satisfies the Hölder condition of order 1/2. He analyzes how sparse \(E\) can be in terms of its Hausdorff dimension \(\dim E\). The main results are given in the following theorems. Theorem 1: There exists a regular set \(E_0\) such that the Green function \(g_{\overline{\mathbb C}\setminus E_0}\) satisfies the Hölder condition of order 1/2, and \(\dim E_0=1/2\). The second assertion of Theorem 1 is best possible. Theorem 2: There exists a regular set \(E_1\) such that for \(\Omega=\overline{\mathbb C}\setminus E_1\), \(g_{\Omega}(z)=g_{\Omega}(z)-g_{\Omega}(-1)\leq c| z+1| ^{1/2}\), \(z\in\Omega\setminus\{\infty\}\), and \(\dim E_1=0\). The author remarks that Cantor type sets cannot be used in the proof of either Theorem 1 or Theorem 2.

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