Large time behavior of solutions to the Klein-Gordon equation with nonlinear dissipative terms
The author treats the following initial value problem for the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation of two variables \((t,x)\in[0,\infty)\times {\mathbb R}\), \[ \begin{aligned} &\square u +u=F(u,\partial _{t}u,\partial _{x}u),\;(t,x)\in (0,\infty)\times {\mathbb R}, \\ &u(x,0)=\epsilon u_{0}(x),\;u_{t}(x.0)=\epsilon u_{1}(x),\;x\in {\mathbb R}, \end{aligned} \] where \(u_{0}, u_{1}\) are real-valued and belong to \(C_{0}^{\infty}({\mathbb R})\), and \(\epsilon >0\) is sufficiently small. It is diffucult to give here the complete form of the theorems because it requires a lot of preliminaries, e.g, definitions of functions arising in the theorems. ThereforeI can only give an incomplete statement. Let \[ K_{F}(z):=\frac{i}{2\pi}\int_{0}^{2\pi}F(\cos \theta,-\cosh z\sin \theta,\sinh z \sin \theta )e^{-i\theta}\,d\theta. \] Theorem 1.2. Suppose that \(\inf_{z\in{\mathbb R}}\Re K_{F}(z)\geq 0\), then \[ u(t,x)= A(t,x)+O(t^{-1/2}(\log t)^{-3/2})\;{\text{ as }} t\rightarrow +\infty, {\text{ uniformly in }} x\in {\mathbb R}, \] where \[ A(t,x)=\frac{\frac{1}{\sqrt{t}}\Re\big[a(x/t)e^{\{i(t^{2}-|x|^{2})_{+}^{1/2} +i\Psi_{F}|a(x/t)|^{2}\mathcal{L}(t,|a(x/t)|^{2}\Phi_{F}(x/t))\}}\big]} {\sqrt{1+\Phi_{F}(x/t)|a(x/t)|^{2}\log t}}. \] In the paper the result for \(F=-g(\partial u)^{3}\) is given as Theorem 1.1, and the \(L^{p}\) estimate for the first derivative of \(u\) is given, which includes the already proved results on the energy decay estimate under stronger conditions. The main result is Theorem 1.2, and it shows that J. M. Delort's null condition is not optimal for small data global existence. The author conjectures that the solution blows up if \(\inf_{z\in{\mathbb R}}\Re K_{F}(z)\geq 0\) is not satisfied. A detailed proof of the theorems is given only to Theorem 1.1, and it whereas for the Theorem 1.2 only an outline is given. The way of proof is first to introduce the hyperbolic coordinate \((\tau,z)\in[\tau_{0},\infty[\times {\mathbb R},\) i.e. \[ t+2B=\tau\cosh z,\;x=\tau\sinh z\;\text{ for}\;|x|<t+2B, \] where \(B\) is the radius of the ball \(\supset \text{supp}\;u_{0}\cap \text{supp}\;u_{1}\), and \[ u(t,x)=\frac{\chi (z)}{\tau^{1/2}}v(\tau, z),\;{\text{ and }}\;\alpha (\tau,z)=e^{-i\tau}(1+\frac{1}{i}\frac{\partial}{\partial \tau})v(\tau,z), \] then by complicated and elaborated calculation the following ordinary differential equation and also other required estimates are obtained: \[ \frac{\partial \alpha}{\partial \tau}=-\frac{3g\chi(z)^{3}\cosh^{3}z}{8\tau}|\alpha|^{2}\alpha+S+\frac{R} {\tau^{2}}. \]
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