The three space problem in topological groups

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2005.05.009MaRDI QIDQ2499786zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 14 August 2006

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.topol.2005.05.009

compact countably compact extension of a group first countable functionally bounded metrizable pseudocompact sequential sequentially compact three space property topological group

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Structure of general topological groups (22A05) Convergence in general topology (sequences, filters, limits, convergence spaces, nets, etc.) (54A20) Counterexamples in general topology (54G20) Topological groups (topological aspects) (54H11)

Review text

A property \(\mathcal P\) is said to be a shape three space property if, for every topological group \(G\) and a closed invariant subgroup \(N\) of \(G\), the fact that both groups \(N\) and \(G/N\) have \(\mathcal P\) implies that \(G\) also has \(\mathcal P\). It is known that compactness, precompactness pseudocompactness, completeness, connectedness and metrizability are three space properties, and, on the other hand, having a countable network, \(\sigma\)-compactness, Lindelöfness, countable compactness, sequential compactness, sequential completeness and \(\omega\)-compactness are not three space properties. In this paper, the authors study some properties of compact, countably compact, pseudocompact and functionally bounded sets which are preserved or destroyed when taking extensions of topological groups. A property \(\mathcal P\) is a three space property for compact (countably compact) sets if all compact (countably compact) subsets of a topological group \(G\) have \(\mathcal P\) whenever \(G\) contains a closed invariant subgroup \(N\) such that the compact (countably compact) subsets of both groups \(N\) and \(G/N\) have \(\mathcal P\). In Section 3, they show that metrizability is a three space property for compact sets and also a three space property for countably compact sets. In Section 4, they present several examples. For example, they show that under \({\mathfrak p}={\mathfrak c}\), there is an Abelian topological group \(G\) and a closed subgroup \(N\) of \(G\) such that all pseudocompact subspaces of \(N\) are finite and the quotient group \(G/N\) is countable, but \(G\) contains a pseudocompact subspaces of uncountable character.

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