Some remarks on Brauer groups of K3 surfaces

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2004.10.004MaRDI QIDQ2570072zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 26 October 2005

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0408006

Brauer groups of schemes (14F22) (K3) surfaces and Enriques surfaces (14J28)

Abstract: We discuss the geometry of the genus one fibrations associated to an elliptic fibration on a K3 surface. We show that the two-torsion subgroup of the Brauer group of a general elliptic fibration is naturally isomorphic to the two-torsion of the Jacobian of a curve associated to the fibration. We remark that this is related to Recillas' trigonal construction. Finally we discuss the two-torsion in the Brauer group of a general K3 surface with a polarisation of degree two.

Review text

In this inspired paper the author explores the interplay between Brauer groups, Hodge theory, and genus-one fibrations for complex projective \(K3\) surfaces. The results mainly apply to general elliptic \(K3\) surfaces, which have Picard number two. There are also remarks on the case of Picard number one. The point of departure is the following: Let \(T_X\) be the transcendental lattice of an arbitrary \(K3\) surface \(X\). The classes \(\alpha\) of order \(b\) in the Brauer group of \(X\) might be viewed as surjective homomorphisms \(\alpha:T_X\rightarrow\mathbb{Z}/b\mathbb{Z}\). The kernel of such a homomorphism is a polarized sub-Hodge structure \(T_{\langle\alpha\rangle}\) of finite index inside the transcendental lattice \(T_X\). Any primitive embedding of the lattice \(T_{\langle\alpha\rangle}\) into the standard \(K3\)-lattice yields a new polarized Hodge structure on the standard \(K3\) lattice, whence by the Torelli theorem a new \(K3\) surface \(Y\). Using lattice theoretic arguments, the author observes that if \(X\) is a general elliptic \(K3\) surface, then such embeddings of \(T_{\langle\alpha\rangle}\) always exists. They are, however, not unique in general. The paper contains a detailed analysis of the resulting \(K3\) surfaces \(Y\): The Kähler cone is computed, and from this the automorphism groups, the nature of extremal rays, and projective models are deduced. Furthermore, the author gives some general results on elliptic surfaces \(X\) viewed as a ramified double covering of an elliptic rational surface. In particular, he relates the 2-torsion in the Jacobian of the branch curve to the 2-torsion in the Brauer group of \(X\).

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