Robust criterion for the existence of nonhyperbolic ergodic measures
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Publication:2630722
Abstract: We give explicit -open conditions that ensure that a diffeomorphism possesses a nonhyperbolic ergodic measure with positive entropy. Actually, our criterion provides the existence of a partially hyperbolic compact set with one-dimensional center and positive topological entropy on which the center Lyapunov exponent vanishes uniformly. The conditions of the criterion are met on a -dense and open subset of the set of a diffeomorphisms having a robust cycle. As a corollary, there exists a -open and dense subset of the set of non-Anosov robustly transitive diffeomorphisms consisting of systems with nonhyperbolic ergodic measures with positive entropy. The criterion is based on a notion of a blender defined dynamically in terms of strict invariance of a family of discs.
The authors propose a robust criterion for the existence of nonhyperbolic ergodic measures. They start with the proof of an abstract average-criterion by finding special points whose orbits have controlled Birkhoff averages at every scale, and are noisy enough so to produce positive entropy. Furthermore, the notions of ``dynamical blenders and ``split flip-flop configurations are introduced. They are used in the study of many open questions concerning the existence of nonhyperbolic ergodic measures.
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