A Ruelle-Perron-Frobenius theorem for expanding circle maps with an indifferent fixed point
equilibrium statesintermittent mapsmodulus of continuitynonuniformly expanding dynamicsthermodynamic formalism
Continuity and related questions (modulus of continuity, semicontinuity, discontinuities, etc.) for real functions in one variable (26A15) Functional analytic techniques in dynamical systems; zeta functions, (Ruelle-Frobenius) transfer operators, etc. (37C30) Nonuniformly hyperbolic systems (Lyapunov exponents, Pesin theory, etc.) (37D25) Thermodynamic formalism, variational principles, equilibrium states for dynamical systems (37D35) Dynamical systems involving maps of the circle (37E10)
Let \(\mathbb{T} = \mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z} = [0, 1)\) be the circle equipped with the standard metric. The authors consider a family \(\mathcal{F}\) of nonuniformly expanding continuous maps with an indifferent fixed point. That is, maps \(T : \mathbb{T} \to \mathbb{T}\) given by the expression \(T(x) := x(1 + V(x)) \bmod 1\), with \(V : [0, \infty) \to [0, \infty)\) an increasing function satisfying that \(V(1) \in \mathbb{N}\) and \(\lim_{x \to 0}\frac{V(tx)}{V(x)} = t^\sigma\) for each \(t > 0\), where \(\sigma \in [0, \infty)\). Given \(T \in \mathcal{F}\), the authors present a notion of \(T\)-compatibility between any pair of concave modulus of continuity. Moreover, fixing \(\omega\) and \(\Omega\) two \(T\)-compatible modulus of continuity, they prove that the Ruelle operator \(\mathcal{L}_f\) associated to a map \(f \in \mathcal{C}_\omega(\mathbb{T})\) satisfies a Ruelle-Perron-Frobenius theorem in the following sense: there exist a positive constant \(\chi\), a Borel probability measure \(\nu\) and a strictly positive function \(h \in \mathcal{C}_\Omega(\mathbb{T})\) such that \(\mathcal{L}_f^* \nu = \chi \nu\), \(\mathcal{L}_f h = \chi h\), \(\int h d\nu = 1\) and the sequence \((\chi^{-n}\mathcal{L}_f^n \phi)_{n \in \mathbb{N}}\) converges uniformly to \(\int \phi d\nu\) on \(\mathbb{T}\). They also prove that the \(T\)-invariant probability measure \(d\mu := h d\nu\) satisfies a variational principle of the pressure, i.e., \[ h_\mu(T) + \int f d\mu = \log \chi = P(T, f), \] where \[ P(T, f) := \sup\Bigl\{ h_m(T) + \int f dm : m \text{ is }T\text{-invariant} \Bigr\}. \] Besides that, they prove that \(d\mu := h d\nu\) results in a Gibbs measure, in the sense that given \(r > 0\) small enough, there is \(K_r > 0\) such that for any \(x \in \mathbb{T}\) and any \(n \geq 1\), there holds \[ K_r^{-1} \leq \frac{\mu(\{y : d(T^j(x), T^j(y)) < r, 0 \leq j \leq n\})}{e^{S_n f(x) - nP(T, f)}} \leq K_r. \] Finally, they present some interesting corollaries in the setting of Manneville-Pomeau maps.
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