Almost sure recovery in quasi-periodic structures
Paper [\textit{O. Yakir}, Int. Math. Res. Not. 2022, No. 8, 6243--6261 (2022; Zbl 1490.60035)] deals with random perturbations of a lattice where it is shown that, under some assumptions on the random displacements, the lattice can be recovered almost surely from the perturbations. In this work the authors focus on random perturbations in quasi-periodic structures, including quasi-crystals, and on weakening the independence conditions on the random perturbations. In more precise terms, if \(X \subset\mathbf{R}^d\) is a quasi-periodic set, we let \((\xi_p)_{p\in X}\) be a sequence of identically distributed random vectors defined in a probability space \((\Omega,\mathcal{F}, P)\), with common distribution \(\xi\). Throughout this work the authors assume that \(X\) is an uniformly discrete set, which means that there exists \(r \ge0\) such that \(\|x - y\| \ge r\) for every \(x, y \in X\). A random perturbation of \(X\) is a realization of the random set \(X_{\xi} := \{p + \xi_p(\omega):\, p\in X\}\). For two random processes \(X\), \(Y \subset \mathbf{R}^d\) that take values into locally finite configurations, \(X\) is almost surely recovered from \(Y\) if there exists a measurable function \(F\) defined over the essential range of the process Y such that almost surely \(F(Y ) = X\). If \(X\) is a fixed (deterministic) subset of \(\mathbf{R}^d\), we can interpret \(X\) with the point process which takes constant value equal to \(X\). In this work the authors focus on finding conditions under which the Fourier transform of \(X_{\xi}\) determines the Fourier transform of a quasi-periodic set \(X\) almost surely, based on an explicit formula that links these two Fourier transforms. It follows that \(X\) can then be almost surely recovered from \(X_{\xi}\). In fact, some mathematical and physical point configurations can be classified in terms of their hidden order, see [\textit{T. Janssen} et al., Aperiodic crystals. From modulated phases to quasicrystals: structure and properties. 2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press (2018; Zbl 1416.82003)]. The main results of the present paper provide another way to distinguish the large class of point sets that have diffraction measure singular with respect to Lebesgue measure in terms of the robustness of their Fourier Transform. This allows to recognize these configurations under random perturbations, by taking a Fourier Transform. Note that as a special case of the results of the paper includes quasi-crystals, which in turn include the classical case of lattices, for which the diffraction measure is supported on their dual lattice.
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