Frobenius stable pluricanonical systems on threefolds of general type in positive characteristic
This paper studies the birationality problem of adjoint divisor \(K_X+D\) where \(X\) is a normal projective variety and \(D\) is a nef and big \(\mathbb{Q}\)-divisor. Such kind of question is very important and natural in birational geometry, and in characteristic zero, such results often rely on Kodaira type vanishing theorems and Bertini type theorems, which are not available in positive characteristics. This paper studies this problem in positive characteristics. Instead of considering the space \(H^0(K_X+D)\), it considers a subspace \(S^0_{-}(K_X+D)\) of certain Frobenius stable sections. The first result says that, if \(X\) admits a fibration \(f:X\to Y\) and \(H\) is a divisor on \(Y\) inducing a birational map, then sections of \(S^0_{-}(K_{X_\eta}+D)\) lifts to \(S^0_{-}(K_{X}+D+(\dim Y)\cdot f^*H)\), where \(X_\eta\) is the generic fiber; in particular, if \(S^0_{-}(K_{X_\eta}+D)\) gives a birational map, then \(S^0_{-}(K_{X}+D+(\dim Y+1)\cdot f^*H)\) gives a birational map. The second result proves a similar result with weaker assumption when \(Y\) is an Abelian variety by generic vanishing. As a corollary, these results can be applied to study the pluricanonical system \(|mK_X|\) for a minimal terminal \(3\)-fold of general type. It shows that \(S^0_{-}(K_{X}+42K_X)\) gives a birational map providing that \(q(X)>0\) or \(K_X\) is Cartier. In order to study the later case, one needs to find a fibration to apply the first result, so one need to determine when \(h^0(mK_X)\geq 2\). This is related to the non-vanishing problem. To solve this, the forth result of this paper provides a Miyaoka type inequality to compare \(c_2(Z)\cdot \rho^*K_X\) and \(K_X^3\) for a resolution \(\rho: Z\to X\).
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