On the use of the Klein quadric for geometric incidence problems in two dimensions

DOI10.1137/16M1059412zbMATH Open1339.05042arXiv1412.2909MaRDI QIDQ2806180FDOQ2806180

Misha Rudnev, J. M. Selig

Publication date: 17 May 2016

Published in: SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We discuss a unified approach to a class of geometric combinatorics incidence problems in $2D$, of the Erd"os distance type. The goal is obtaining the second moment estimate, that is given a finite point set $S$ and a function $f$ on $SimesS$, an upper bound on the number of solutions of ${\displaystyle }$ f(p,p') = f(q,q') eq 0,qquad (p,p',q,q')in S imes S imes S imes S. qquad(*) ${\displaystyle }$ E.g., $f$ is the Euclidean distance in the plane, sphere, or a sheet of the two-sheeted hyperboloid. Our tool is the Guth-Katz incidence theorem for lines in $mathbb{RP}^3$, but we focus on how the original $2D$ problem is made amenable to it. This procedure was initiated by Elekes and Sharir, based on symmetry considerations. However, symmetry considerations can be bypassed or made implicit. The classical Pl"ucker-Klein formalism for line geometry enables one to directly interpret a solution of $(*)$ as intersection of two lines in $mathbb{RP}^3$. This allows for a very brief argument extending the Euclidean plane distance argument to the spherical and hyperbolic distances. We also find instances of the question $(*)$ without underlying symmetry group. The space of lines in the three-space, the Klein quadric $mathcalK$, is four-dimensional. We start out with an injective map $mathfrakF:,SimesSomathcalK$, from a pair of points in $2D$ to a line in $3D$ and seek a combinatorial problem in the form $(*)$, which can be solved by applying the Guth-Katz theorem to the set of lines in question. We identify a few new such problems and generalise the existing ones.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.2909

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zbMATH Keywords

Klein quadric[https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/w/index.php?title=+Special%3ASearch&search=Erd%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BDs+distance&go=Go Erd��s distance]

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Combinatorial aspects of finite geometries (05B25) Other combinatorial number theory (11B75)

Cites Work

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Cited In (15)

• Bounds of trilinear and quadrilinear exponential sums
• Distinct distances in the complex plane
• A reduction for the distinct distances problem in \(\mathbb{R}^d\)
• Ruled Surface Theory and Incidence Geometry
• Note on the number of hinges defined by a point set in \(\mathbb{R}^2\)
• Distinct distances on hyperbolic surfaces
• On the pinned distances problem in positive characteristic
• Pinned algebraic distances determined by Cartesian products in 𝔽_{𝕡}²
• On discrete values of bilinear forms
• On the number of incidences between points and planes in three dimensions
• Sphere tangencies, line incidences and Lie’s line-sphere correspondence
• Schwartz-Zippel bounds for two-dimensional products
• Points in the plane, lines in space
• A note on the distinct distances problem in the hyperbolic plane
• On incidences of lines in regular complexes

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