Black Hole's quantum N-portrait

DOI10.1002/PROP.201300001zbMATH Open1338.83071arXiv1112.3359OpenAlexW2964015521MaRDI QIDQ2812972FDOQ2812972

Gia Dvali, C. Gomez

Publication date: 13 June 2016

Published in: Fortschritte der Physik (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We establish a quantum measure of classicality in the form of the occupation number, $N$, of gravitons in a gravitational field. This allows us to view classical background geometries as quantum Bose-condensates with large occupation numbers of soft gravitons. We show that among all possible sources of a given physical length, $N$ is maximized by the black hole and coincides with its entropy. The emerging quantum mechanical picture of a black hole is surprisingly simple and fully parameterized by $N$. The black hole is a leaky bound-state in form of a cold Bose-condensate of $N$ weakly-interacting soft gravitons of wave-length $sqrtN$ times the Planck length and of quantum interaction strength 1/N. Such a bound-state exists for an arbitrary $N$. This picture provides a simple quantum description of the phenomena of Hawking radiation, Bekenstein entropy as well as of non-Wilsonian UV-self-completion of Einstein gravity. We show that Hawking radiation is nothing but a quantum depletion of the graviton Bose-condensate, which despite the zero temperature of the condensate produces a thermal spectrum of temperature $T,=,1/sqrtN$. The Bekenstein entropy originates from the exponentially growing with $N$ number of quantum states. Finally, our quantum picture allows to understand classicalization of deep-UV gravitational scattering as $2ightarrowN$ transition. We point out some fundamental similarities between the black holes and solitons, such as a t'Hooft-Polyakov monopole. Both objects represent Bose-condensates of $N$ soft bosons of wavelength $sqrtN$ and interaction strength 1/N. In short, the semi-classical black hole physics is 1/N-coupled large-$N$ quantum physics.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1112.3359

zbMATH Keywords

Hawking radiationBekenstein entropyBose-condensates of \(N\) soft gravitons

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Measures of information, entropy (94A17) Semiclassical techniques, including WKB and Maslov methods applied to problems in quantum theory (81Q20) Quantization of the gravitational field (83C45) Methods of quantum field theory in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C47) Black holes (83C57)

Cites Work

• The large \(N\) limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity
• Anti de Sitter space and holography
• Gauge theory correlators from non-critical string theory
• Classicalization of gravitons and Goldstones
• UV-completion by classicalization

Cited In (74)

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