Black Hole's quantum N-portrait

DOI10.1002/PROP.201300001MaRDI QIDQ2812972zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Gia Dvali, C. Gomez

Publication date 13 June 2016

Published in Fortschritte der Physik (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1112.3359

zbMATH Keywords

Hawking radiationBekenstein entropyBose-condensates of \(N\) soft gravitons

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Measures of information, entropy (94A17) Semiclassical techniques, including WKB and Maslov methods applied to problems in quantum theory (81Q20) Quantization of the gravitational field (83C45) Methods of quantum field theory in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C47) Black holes (83C57)

Abstract: We establish a quantum measure of classicality in the form of the occupation number, $N$, of gravitons in a gravitational field. This allows us to view classical background geometries as quantum Bose-condensates with large occupation numbers of soft gravitons. We show that among all possible sources of a given physical length, $N$ is maximized by the black hole and coincides with its entropy. The emerging quantum mechanical picture of a black hole is surprisingly simple and fully parameterized by $N$. The black hole is a leaky bound-state in form of a cold Bose-condensate of $N$ weakly-interacting soft gravitons of wave-length $sqrtN$ times the Planck length and of quantum interaction strength 1/N. Such a bound-state exists for an arbitrary $N$. This picture provides a simple quantum description of the phenomena of Hawking radiation, Bekenstein entropy as well as of non-Wilsonian UV-self-completion of Einstein gravity. We show that Hawking radiation is nothing but a quantum depletion of the graviton Bose-condensate, which despite the zero temperature of the condensate produces a thermal spectrum of temperature $T,=,1/sqrtN$. The Bekenstein entropy originates from the exponentially growing with $N$ number of quantum states. Finally, our quantum picture allows to understand classicalization of deep-UV gravitational scattering as $2ightarrowN$ transition. We point out some fundamental similarities between the black holes and solitons, such as a t'Hooft-Polyakov monopole. Both objects represent Bose-condensates of $N$ soft bosons of wavelength $sqrtN$ and interaction strength 1/N. In short, the semi-classical black hole physics is 1/N-coupled large-$N$ quantum physics.

Recommendations

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Cites work

• Anti de Sitter space and holography
• Classicalization of gravitons and Goldstones
• Gauge theory correlators from non-critical string theory
• The large N limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity
• UV-completion by classicalization

Cited in

(75)

• Infinite black hole entropies at infinite distances and tower of states
• A quantum bound-state description of black holes
• On the corpuscular theory of gravity
• Finite electrodynamics from T-duality
• Gravity as Universal UV Completion: Towards a Unified View of Swampland Conjectures
• Lower-dimensional corpuscular gravity and the end of black hole evaporation
• Probing the constituent structure of black holes
• Scalar resonance in graviton-graviton scattering at high-energies: the graviball
• Domestic corpuscular inflaton
• The Timescales of Quantum Breaking
• Non-thermal corrections to Hawking radiation versus the information paradox
• Gravitational black hole hair from event horizon supertranslations
• Horizon quantum mechanics: spherically symmetric and rotating sources
• Extended quantum portrait of MGD black holes and information entropy
• Quantum harmonic black holes
• Semiclassical black holes expose forbidden charges and censor divergent densities
• Regular black holes from semi-classical down to Planckian size
• GUP parameter from quantum corrections to the Newtonian potential
• Four-dimensional de Sitter space is a Glauber-Sudarshan state in string theory
• Quasi-normal modes and microscopic description of 2D black holes
• The Milky Way's supermassive black hole: how good a case is it? A challenge for astrophysics \& philosophy of science
• Islands in linear dilaton black holes
• Crisis on infinite earths: short-lived De Sitter vacua in the string theory landscape
• Echoes from corpuscular black holes
• Minimal black holes and species thermodynamics
• Veneziano and Shapiro-Virasoro amplitudes of arbitrarily excited strings
• Thermal BEC black holes
• Horizons and the wave function of Planckian quantum black holes
• Matter and gravitons in the gravitational collapse
• Classical limit of black hole quantum \(N\)-portrait and BMS symmetry
• Dynamically self-regular quantum harmonic black holes
• Quantum portrait of a black hole with Pöschl-Teller potential
• Black hole formation and classicalization in ultra-Planckian 2 N scattering
• Superluminality, black holes and EFT
• Horizon wavefunction of generalized uncertainty principle black holes
• Glimpses of black hole formation/evaporation in highly inelastic, ultra-Planckian string collisions
• Bose-Einstein graviton condensate in a Schwarzschild black hole
• Shedding black hole light on the emergent string conjecture
• Schrödinger and Klein–Gordon theories of black holes from the quantization of the Oppenheimer and Snyder gravitational collapse
• Surface Tension of the Black Hole Horizon
• Falling through the black hole horizon
• Quantum state of the black hole interior
• Black hole's \(1 / N\) hair
• Stability of the graviton Bose-Einstein condensate in the brane-world
• Firewalls as artefacts of inconsistent truncations of quantum geometries
• Inner horizon of the quantum Reissner-Nordström black holes
• Classicalization of gravitons and Goldstones
• Oscillon spectroscopy
• Black hole based quantum computing in labs and in the sky
• Compact sources and cosmological horizons in lower dimensional bootstrapped Newtonian gravity
• Quantum formation of primordial black holes
• Species entropy and thermodynamics
• Quantum dust cores of black holes
• Perihelion precession and generalized uncertainty principle
• Constraints on the quantum state of pairs produced by semiclassical black holes
• Skyrmion black hole hair: conservation of baryon number by black holes and observable manifestations
• De Sitter vacua in the string landscape
• BMS Goldstone modes near the horizon of a Kerr black hole are thermal
• What if string theory has a de Sitter excited state?
• The Gross–Pitaevskii equations of a static and spherically symmetric condensate of gravitons
• Supertranslations and Holography near the Horizon of Schwarzschild Black Holes
• Stringy information and black holes
• Instant folded strings and black fivebranes
• Quantum break-time of de Sitter
• Horizon wave-function and the quantum cosmic censorship
• On quantum life of black holes
• On vacuum fluctuations in quantum gravity and interferometer arm fluctuations
• Evaporation and information puzzle for 2D nonsingular asymptotically flat black holes
• Emergence of species scale black hole horizons
• Schwarzschild/CFT from soft black hole hair?
• The effective field theorist's approach to gravitational dynamics
• A Chern-Simons pandemic
• On the assumptions leading to the information loss paradox
• Horizon of quantum black holes in various dimensions
• Entropy bound and unitarity of scattering amplitudes

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