Weyl-Titchmarsh theory for Sturm-Liouville operators with distributional potentials

DOI10.7494/OPMATH.2013.33.3.467zbMATH Open1283.34022arXiv1208.4677WikidataQ57343608 ScholiaQ57343608MaRDI QIDQ2851292FDOQ2851292

Roger Nichols, Gerald Teschl, Jonathan Eckhardt, Fritz Gesztesy

Publication date: 10 October 2013

Published in: Opuscula Mathematica (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We systematically develop Weyl-Titchmarsh theory for singular differential operators on arbitrary intervals $(a,b)subseteqmathbbR$ associated with rather general differential expressions of the type [ au f = frac{1}{r} (- �ig(p[f' + s f]�ig)' + s p[f' + s f] + qf),] where the coefficients $p$, $q$, $r$, $s$ are real-valued and Lebesgue measurable on $(a,b)$, with $peq0$, $r>0$ a.e. on $(a,b)$, and $p^{-1}$, $q$, $r$, $sin{L}_{extloc}^1((a,b);dx)$, and $f$ is supposed to satisfy [f in AC_{ ext{loc}}((a,b)), ; p[f' + s f] in AC_{ ext{loc}}((a,b)).] In particular, this setup implies that $au$ permits a distributional potential coefficient, including potentials in $H_{extloc}^{-1}((a,b))$. We study maximal and minimal Sturm-Liouville operators, all self-adjoint restrictions of the maximal operator $T_{extmax}$, or equivalently, all self-adjoint extensions of the minimal operator $T_{extmin}$, all self-adjoint boundary conditions (separated and coupled ones), and describe the resolvent of any self-adjoint extension of $T_{extmin}$. In addition, we characterize the principal object of this paper, the singular Weyl-Titchmarsh-Kodaira $m$-function corresponding to any self-adjoint extension with separated boundary conditions and derive the corresponding spectral transformation, including a characterization of spectral multiplicities and minimal supports of standard subsets of the spectrum. We also deal with principal solutions and characterize the Friedrichs extension of $T_{extmin}$. Finally, in the special case where $au$ is regular, we characterize the Krein-von Neumann extension of $T_{extmin}$ and also characterize all boundary conditions that lead to positivity preserving, equivalently, improving, resolvents (and hence semigroups).

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1208.4677

zbMATH Keywords

distributional coefficientspositivity preservingSturm-Liouville operatorsWeyl-Titchmarsh theoryFriedrichs extensionsKrein extensionsimproving semigroups

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Green's functions for ordinary differential equations (34B27) General spectral theory of ordinary differential operators (34L05) Particular ordinary differential operators (Dirac, one-dimensional Schrödinger, etc.) (34L40) Weyl theory and its generalizations for ordinary differential equations (34B20) Sturm-Liouville theory (34B24) General theory of ordinary differential operators (47E05) Eigenfunctions, eigenfunction expansions, completeness of eigenfunctions of ordinary differential operators (34L10)

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