Classification of nuclear, simple C^*-algebras
This text is a self-contained update guide to the classification theory of nuclear, simple \(C^*\)-algebras by their \(K\)-theory and related invariants, written by one of the most contributory promoters in this field. In particular, the biggest part of the notes is devoted to a presentation of the classification of purely infinite, simple \(C^*\)-algebras, starting from the classification of \(AF\)-algebras by their ordered \(K_0\)-group and ending with Kirchberg-Phillips' spectacular classification theorem for Kirchberg algebras, namely, for purely infinite, simple, separable and nuclear \(C^*\)-algebras. Besides, the vast literature on the classfication of finite, simple \(C^*\)-algebras, in particular of \(AH\)-algebras, is also condensed into a summarized short story. These notes are well organized as a whole, and full proofs of the main theorems including the classification theorem for Cuntz algebras, Kirchberg's three fundamental theorems (for exact embedding into the Cuntz algebra \({\mathcal O}_2\) and the tensor product for \({\mathcal O}_2\) and \({\mathcal O}_{\infty}\)), and the subsequent classification theorem for Kirchberg algebras are given. Moreover, even for other important statements (not for all, though), sketches of proofs are provided or the main ideas are indicated at least. This is enough to make the text accessible to the reader. Therefore, the reviewer thinks that this carefully written text of M. Rørdam is suitable to beginners as well as researchers, and also that with this text the reader can take a quick look at the material from preliminaries up to recently proved new results for the study of Elliott's classification program. Some open problems related to the structure of \(C^*\)-algebras are mentioned as well, e.g. in \S 3.3 and \S 4.1. These would be a premium for interested readers. These notes are organized as follows. Chapter 1 provides a survey of \(AF\)-algebras (= Approximately Finite dimensional \(C^*\)-algebras) and their classification (Theorem 1.3.3) done by \textit{G. A. Elliott} [J. Algebra 38, 29-44 (1976; Zbl 0323.46063)]. Chapter 2 plays the role of preliminaries to the body of the text. Moreover, this chapter treats the Elliott conjectures for nuclear \(C^*\)-algebras: Conjecture 2.2.3 for the infinite case, Conjecture 2.2.5 for the finite, unital case, and Conjecture 2.2.7 for the finite, real rank zero case. In Chapter 3, Elliott's classification result (Theorem 3.2.15) for simple, unital \(AT\)-algebras (not necessarily of real rank zero) is presented, which confirms Elliott's Conjecture 2.2.5 for simple \(AT\)-algebras; see \textit{G. A. Elliott} [J. Ramanujan Math. Soc. 12, 97-134 (1997; Zbl 0954.46035)]. Following this, a selection of classification results for \(AH\)-algebras is presented. First, the classification theorem of Dadarlat--Elliott--Gong (Theorem 3.3.1) is given, whereby the Elliott conjecture is confirmed for the class of simple, unital, real rank zero \(C^*\)-algebra in the class \({\mathcal S}{\mathcal D}{\mathcal G}\) of \(AH\)-algebras of slow dimension growth: see \textit{M. Dadarlat} and \textit{G. Gong} [Geom. Funct. Anal. 7, 646-711 (1997; Zbl 0905.46042)]. Then the recently proved general classification result for simple \(AH\)-algebras (Theorem 3.3.6 (Elliott--Gong--Li)) is given. In other words, this suggests that the Elliott Conjecture 2.2.5 is confirmed for simple, unital \(C^*\)-algebras in the class \({\mathcal B}{\mathcal D}\) of \(AH\)-algebras of bounded dimension. Then the author discusses Villadsen's \(C^*\)-algebras which provide counterexamples to several outstanding conjectures about simple \(C^*\)-algebras: see \textit{J. Villadsen} [J. Funct. Anal. 154, 110-116 (1998; Zbl 0915.46047); J. Am. Math. Soc. 12, 1091-1102 (1999; Zbl 0937.46052)]. Chapter 4 is devoted to the purely infinite simple \(C^*\)-algebras, and in particular, Cuntz algebras and Cuntz-Krieger algebras are studied, and several related examples are given, too. Two fundamental results about the Cuntz algebra \({\mathcal O}_2\) are explained in Chapter 5. One is about the uniqueness theorem for \({\mathcal O}_2\) (Theorem 5.1.1): see \textit{M. Rørdam} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 440, 175-200 (1993; Zbl 0783.46031)], and the other is about the Elliott \({\mathcal O}_2 \otimes {\mathcal O}_2\) theorem asserting that the \(C^*\)-algebra \({\mathcal O}_2\) is isomorphic to \({\mathcal O}_2 \otimes {\mathcal O}_2\) (Theorem 5.2.1). Chapter 6 is devoted to nuclear and exact \(C^*\)-algebras. The author proves Kirchberg's exact embedding theorem (Theorem 6.3.11) that a separable \(C^*\)-algebra is exact if and only if it is isomorphic to a sub-\(C^*\)-algebra of the Cuntz algebra \({\mathcal O}_2\), meaning that all separable exact \(C^*\)-algebras can be embedded into the Cuntz algebra \({\mathcal O}_2\). In Chapter 7, Kirchberg's two tensor product theorems (Theorems 7.1.2 and 7.2.6) are proved, which say that the \(KK\)-equivalences between \(A \otimes {\mathcal O}_2\) and \({\mathcal O}_2\) (resp. between \(A \otimes {\mathcal O}_{\infty}\) and \(A\)) are actually isomorphisms for particularly nice \(C^*\)-algebras \(A\) being simple, separable, unital and nuclear (resp. being the same except unital, replaced by purely infinite): see \textit{E. Kirchberg} and \textit{N. C. Phillips} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 525, 17-53 (2000; Zbl 0973.46048)]. Chapter 8 treats the classification of Kirchberg algebras. This chapter also includes Phillips' classification theorem for \(*\)-homomorphisms (Theorem 8.2.1) and Kirchberg's classification theorem (Theorem 8.3.3). Lastly, the remarkable classification theorem for Kirchberg algebras (Theorem 8.4.1 (Kirchberg and Phillips)) is proved: see, e.g., \textit{N. C. Phillips} [Doc. Math., J. DMV 5, 49-114 (2000; Zbl 0943.46037)]. There are 147 references listed in the bibliography. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0985.00012].
- ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF NUCLEAR C*-ALGEBRAS
- On the classification problem for nuclear C^*-algebras
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5888295
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- A classification theorem for nuclear purely infinite simple \(C^*\)-algebras
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1743871
- Classification of C^*-algebras
- On a category of nuclear C^*-algebras
- STRUCTURE OF NUCLEAR C*-ALGEBRAS: FROM QUASIDIAGONALITY TO CLASSIFICATION AND BACK AGAIN
- The Elliott conjecture for Villadsen algebras of the first type
- The classification of certain non-simple \(C^*\)-algebras of tracial rank zero
- Comparison theory and smooth minimal \(C^*\)-dynamics
- Towards a theory of classification
- Constructing minimal homeomorphisms on point-like spaces and a dynamical presentation of the Jiang-Su algebra
- A noncommutative version of Farber's topological complexity
- Crossed products of nuclear \(\mathrm C^{\ast}\)-algebras and their traces
- Inductive limits of semiprojective \(C^{\ast}\)-algebras
- Finitely generated nilpotent group \({C}^\ast\)-algebras have finite nuclear dimension
- On a lifting question of Blackadar
- Classification of simple C^*-algebras of tracial topological rank zero
- Isomorphism and Morita equivalence classes for crossed products of irrational rotation algebras by cyclic subgroups of \(SL_2(\mathbb{Z})\)
- A classification theorem for nuclear purely infinite simple \(C^*\)-algebras
- A new proof of Kirchberg's \(\mathcal{O}_2\)-stable classification
- \(C^{\ast}\)-algebras associated to graphs of groups
- On the \(K\)-theory of the \(C^\ast\)-algebra generated by the left regular representation of an Ore semigroup
- Poly-\(\mathbb{Z}\) group actions on Kirchberg algebras. II
- \(C^\ast\)-algebras of endomorphisms of groups with finite cokernel and partial actions
- A weak homotopy equivalence type result related to Kirchberg algebras
- Opposite algebras of groupoid \(C^*\)-algebras
- Covering dimension of Cuntz semigroups
- Optimal transport and unitary orbits in \(\mathrm{C}^\ast\)-algebras
- K-theory for semigroup C^*-algebras and partial crossed products
- Homomorphisms of \(\mathrm{C}^\ast\)-algebras and their \(\mathrm{K}\)-theory
- The nuclear dimension of \(\mathcal{O}_\infty \)-stable \(C^\ast \)-algebras
- Non-amenable tight squeezes by Kirchberg algebras
- On the bundle of KMS state spaces for flows on a \(\mathcal{Z}\)-absorbing \(C^*\)-algebra
- On the extension of unitary group automorphisms of Cuntz algebras
- Krull dimension for \(\mathrm{C}^{\star}\)-algebras
- Inductive limits of projective C^-algebras
- Note on compact operators on a Hilbert \(C^\ast\)-module
- On Specht's theorem in UHF \(C^\ast \)-algebras
- The weak tracial Rokhlin property for finite group actions on simple $C^*$-algebras
- Every classifiable simple C^*-algebra has a Cartan subalgebra
- Infinite dimensional generalizations of Choi's theorem
- Continuity of functors with respect to generalized inductive limits
- On the nuclear dimension of certain UCT-Kirchberg algebras
- On Kirchberg's embedding problem
- A new approach to recent constructions of \(C^\ast\)-algebras from modular index theory
- Dimension growth for \(C^{*}\)-algebras
- Recasting the Elliott conjecture
- Independence in topological and \(C^*\)-dynamics
- On the classification problem for nuclear C^*-algebras
- The Dixmier property and tracial states for \(C^\ast\)-algebras
- Omitting types and AF algebras
- Skew-products of higher-rank graphs and crossed products by semigroups
- Fixed points of compact quantum groups actions on Cuntz algebras
- \({\mathcal{C}}_{0}(X)\)-algebras, stability and strongly self-absorbing \({\mathcal{C}}^{*}\)-algebras
- One-parameter continuous fields of Kirchberg algebras
- Approximations of \(C^{*}\)-algebras and the ideal property
- C^*-crossed products and shift spaces
- A class of \(C^{*}\)-algebras generalizing both graph algebras and homeomorphism \(C^{*}\)-algebras. IV: Pure infiniteness
- On topologically finite-dimensional simple \(C^*\)-algebras
- Algebraic K-theory, K-regularity, and T-duality of O_-stable C^-algebras
- Continuous fields of Kirchberg \(C^*\)-algebras
- Dynamical entropy in Banach spaces
- The Cuntz semigroup, a Riesz type interpolation property, comparison and the ideal property
- Decomposition rank and \(\mathcal{Z}\)-stability
- Asymptotic invariants of finitely generated algebras. A generalization of Gromov's quasi-isometric viewpoint.
- Purely infinite simple C^-algebras that are principal groupoid C^-algebras
- Classifiability of crossed products by nonamenable groups
- Graded K-theory, filtered K-theory and the classification of graph algebras
- Generators in \(\mathcal{Z}\)-stable \(C^{\ast}\)-algebras of real rank zero
- The ranges of K-theoretic invariants for nonsimple graph algebras
- Semigroup C^*-algebras of ax+b-semigroups
- Tensor products of Leavitt path algebras.
- AF-embeddability of 2-graph algebras and quasidiagonality of k-graph algebras
- Classification of \( C^\ast\)-algebras generated by representations of the unitriangular group \(U T(4, \mathbb{Z})\)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5888295 (Why is no real title available?)
- Finite decomposition rank for virtually nilpotent groups
- A Dixmier-Douady theory for strongly self-absorbing C^-algebras
- ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF NUCLEAR C*-ALGEBRAS
- Fixed point algebras for easy quantum groups
- Minimal ambient nuclear \(C^\ast\)-algebras
- Model theory of \(C^*\)-algebras
- Finite group actions on certain stably projectionless \(C^\ast\)-algebras with the Rohlin property
- Regularity properties in the classification program for separable amenable C*-algebras
- Quasidiagonal traces on exact \(C^\ast\)-algebras
- Minimal dynamics and K-theoretic rigidity: Elliott's conjecture
- Approximate homotopy of homomorphisms form C(X) into a simple C^*-algebra
- Classification of C^*-algebras
- A family of 2-graphs arising from two-dimensional subshifts
- Semigroup \(C^{*}\)-algebras and amenability of semigroups
- Unitary groups as a complete invariant
- Classification of Certain SimpleC*-Algebras with Torsion inK1
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1047619 (Why is no real title available?)
- \(\mathcal{Z}\)-stability of crossed products by strongly outer actions
- Hilbert $C^*$-modules over $\varSigma ^*$-algebras II: $\varSigma ^*$-Morita equivalence
- Nuclear dimension and classification of 𝐶*-algebras associated to Smale spaces
- Low‐dimensional properties of uniform Roe algebras
- A remark on the tracial Rokhlin property
- On the -theory of -algebras arising from integral dynamics
- Compact group actions with the Rokhlin property
- Tensor products and regularity properties of Cuntz semigroups
- The embedding of \(\mathcal{O}_{d_{1}d_{2}}\) into \(\mathcal{O}_{d_{1}}\otimes\mathcal{O}_{d_{2}}\)
- Michael's noncommutative selection principle and the classification of nonsimple algebras
- A separable Brown-Douglas-Fillmore theorem and weak stability
- On pathological properties of fixed point algebras in Kirchberg algebras
- Cartan subalgebras in \(C^{*}\)-algebras. Existence and uniqueness
- Equivariant -absorption theorem for exact groups
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