Recursion operators and tri-Hamiltonian structure of the first heavenly equation of Plebański

DOI10.3842/SIGMA.2016.091MaRDI QIDQ318944zbMATHOpenAlexFDO

Authors Mikhail B. Sheftel, Devrim Yazici

Publication date 6 October 2016

Published in SIGMA. Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.07770

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zbMATH Keywords

Hamiltonian operatorLax pairfirst heavenly equationJacobi identitiesrecursion operatorvariational symmetry

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Completely integrable infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, integration methods, integrability tests, integrable hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.) (37K10) Exact solutions to problems in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C15) PDEs in connection with relativity and gravitational theory (35Q75)

Abstract: We present first heavenly equation of Pleba'nski in a two-component evolutionary form and obtain Lagrangian and Hamiltonian representations of this system. We study all point symmetries of the two-component system and, using the inverse Noether theorem in the Hamiltonian form, obtain all the integrals of motion corresponding to each variational (Noether) symmetry. We derive two linearly independent recursion operators for symmetries of this system related by a discrete symmetry of both the two-component system and its symmetry condition. Acting by these operators on the first Hamiltonian operator $J_0$ we obtain second and third Hamiltonian operators. However, we were not able to find Hamiltonian densities corresponding to the latter two operators. Therefore, we construct two recursion operators, which are either even or odd, respectively, under the above-mentioned discrete symmetry. Acting with them on $J_0$, we generate another two Hamiltonian operators $J_{+}$ and $J_{-}$ and find the corresponding Hamiltonian densities, thus obtaining second and third Hamiltonian representations for the first heavenly equation in a two-component form. Using P. Olver's theory of the functional multi-vectors, we check that the linear combination of $J_0$, $J_{+}$ and $J_{-}$ with arbitrary constant coefficients satisfies Jacobi identities. Since their skew symmetry is obvious, these three operators are compatible Hamiltonian operators and hence we obtain a tri-Hamiltonian representation of the first heavenly equation. Our well-founded conjecture applied here is that P. Olver's method works fine for nonlocal operators and our proof of the Jacobi identities and bi-Hamiltonian structures crucially depends on the validity of this conjecture.

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Cites work

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Cited in

(10)

• Symmetries, integrals and hierarchies of new (3+1)-dimensional bi-Hamiltonian systems of Monge-Ampère type
• A simple construction of recursion operators for multidimensional dispersionless integrable systems
• Bi-Hamiltonian representation, symmetries and integrals of mixed heavenly and Husain systems
• Recursion operators and bi-Hamiltonian structure of the general heavenly equation
• Symmetry reductions of second heavenly equation and \(2+1\)-dimensional Hamiltonian integrable systems
• Evolutionary Hirota type \((2+1)\)-dimensional equations: Lax pairs, recursion operators and bi-Hamiltonian structures
• Lax pairs, recursion operators and bi-Hamiltonian representations of \((3+1)\)-dimensional Hirota type equations
• Dispersionless multi-dimensional integrable systems and related conformal structure generating equations of mathematical physics
• Recursion operators and bi-Hamiltonian representations of cubic evolutionary (2+1)-dimensional systems
• Multi-Hamiltonian structure of Plebanski's second heavenly equation

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