The nonlinear Dirac equation in Bose–Einstein condensates: I. Relativistic solitons in armchair nanoribbon optical lattices

DOI10.1088/1367-2630/17/6/063033MaRDI QIDQ3387807zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors L. Haddad, Christina M. Weaver, Lincoln D. Carr

Publication date 13 January 2021

Published in New Journal of Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1305.6532

zbMATH Keywords

Dirac equationsolitonBose-Einstein condensate

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Soliton solutions (35C08) NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations) (35Q55) Statistical mechanics of superfluids (82D50)

Abstract: We present a thorough analysis of soliton solutions to the quasi-one-dimensional nonlinear Dirac equation (NLDE) for a Bose-Einstein condensate in a honeycomb lattice with armchair geometry. Our NLDE corresponds to a quasi-one-dimensional reduction of the honeycomb lattice along the zigzag direction, in direct analogy to graphene nanoribbons. Excitations in the remaining large direction of the lattice correspond to the linear subbands in the armchair nanoribbon spectrum. Analytical as well as numerical soliton Dirac spinor solutions are obtained. We analyze the solution space of the quasi-one-dimensional NLDE by finding fixed points, delineating the various regions in solution space, and through an invariance relation which we obtain as a first integral of the NLDE. We obtain spatially oscillating multi-soliton solutions as well as asymptotically flat single soliton solutions using five different methods: by direct integration; an invariance relation; parametric transformation; a series expansion; and by numerical shooting. By tuning the ratio of the chemical potential to the nonlinearity for a fixed value of the energy-momentum tensor, we can obtain both bright and dark solitons over a nonzero density background.

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Cited in

(9)

• Lax pair and new exact solutions of the nonlinear Dirac equation
• Strongly localized semiclassical states for nonlinear Dirac equations
• The nonlinear Dirac equation in Bose-Einstein condensates: superfluid fluctuations and emergent theories from relativistic linear stability equations
• The nonlinear Dirac equation in Bose-Einstein condensates. II: Relativistic soliton stability analysis
• Uniform error bounds of time-splitting methods for the nonlinear Dirac equation in the nonrelativistic regime without magnetic potential
• From Feshbach-resonance managed Bose-Einstein condensates to anisotropic universes: applications of the Ermakov-Pinney equation with time-dependent nonlinearity
• Error estimates of numerical methods for the nonlinear Dirac equation in the nonrelativistic limit regime
• The nonlinear Dirac equation in Bose-Einstein condensates: foundation and symmetries
• High-order compact methods for the nonlinear Dirac equation

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