Rapidly rotating Bose-Einstein condensates in strongly anharmonic traps

Abstract: We study a rotating Bose-Einstein Condensate in a strongly anharmonic trap (flat trap with a finite radius) in the framework of 2D Gross-Pitaevskii theory. We write the coupling constant for the interactions between the gas atoms as

1 / e p s i l o n^{2}

and we are interested in the limit

e p s i l o n o 0

(TF limit) with the angular velocity

O m e g a

depending on

e p s i l o n

. We derive rigorously the leading asymptotics of the ground state energy and the density profile when

O m e g a

tends to infinity as a power of

1 / e p s i l o n

. If

O m e g a (e p s i l o n) = O m e g a_{0} / e p s i l o n

a ``hole (i.e., a region where the density becomes exponentially small as $1 / e p s i l o n o i n f t y$ ) develops for $O m e g a_{0}$ above a certain critical value. If $O m e g a (e p s i l o n) g g 1 / e p s i l o n$ the hole essentially exhausts the container and a ``giant vortex develops with the density concentrated in a thin layer at the boundary. While we do not analyse the detailed vortex structure we prove that rotational symmetry is broken in the ground state for

m c o n s t . | l o g e p s i l o n | < O m e g a (e p s i l o n) l e s s s i m m a t h r m c o n s t . / e p s i l o n

.

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