A compactness lemma and its application to the existence of minimizers for the liquid drop model

DOI10.1137/15M1010658zbMATH Open1332.49042OpenAlexW1527700202WikidataQ124852079 ScholiaQ124852079MaRDI QIDQ3455232FDOQ3455232

Authors R. L. Frank, E. H. Lieb 

Publication date 4 December 2015

Published in SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1503.00192

zbMATH Keywords

minimizersliquid drop modelcompactness lemmanuclear energies

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Variational problems in a geometric measure-theoretic setting (49Q20) Nuclear physics (81V35) Variational inequalities (49J40) Methods involving semicontinuity and convergence; relaxation (49J45) Optimization of shapes other than minimal surfaces (49Q10)

Abstract: The ancient Gamow liquid drop model of nuclear energies has had a renewed life as an interesting problem in the calculus of variations: Find a set $Omegasubsetmathbb{R}^3$ with given volume A that minimizes the sum of its surface area and its Coulomb self energy. A ball minimizes the former and maximizes the latter, but the conjecture is that a ball is always a minimizer -- when there is a minimizer. Even the existence of minimizers for this interesting geometric problem has not been shown in general. We prove the existence of the absolute minimizer (over all $A$) of the energy divided by $A$ (the binding energy per particle). A second result of our work is a general method for showing the existence of optimal sets in geometric minimization problems, which we call the `method of the missing mass'. A third point is the extension of the pulling back compactness lemma from $W^{1,p}$ to $BV$.

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Cited In (49)

• Nonlocal shape optimization via interactions of attractive and repulsive potentials
• Optimal shape of isolated ferromagnetic domains
• Least Wasserstein distance between disjoint shapes with perimeter regularization
• A singular minimization problem for droplet profiles
• Liquid drop model for nuclear matter in the dilute limit
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