Weighted spectral large sieve inequalities for Hecke congruence subgroups of SL(2,Z[i])

automorphic form cusp form eigenvalue conjecture Fourier coefficient Gaussian integers Gaussian number field Hecke character Hecke congruence group inverse Bessel transform Kloosterman sum large sieve mean value non-holomorphic modular form spectral theory

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Fourier coefficients of automorphic forms (11F30) Representation-theoretic methods; automorphic representations over local and global fields (11F70) Spectral theory; trace formulas (e.g., that of Selberg) (11F72) Gauss and Kloosterman sums; generalizations (11L05) Estimates on exponential sums (11L07) Other Dirichlet series and zeta functions (11M41) Primes in congruence classes (11N13) Sieves (11N35) Asymptotic results on arithmetic functions (11N37) Zeta functions and (L)-functions of number fields (11R42) Distribution of prime ideals (11R44)

Abstract: We prove new bounds for weighted mean values of sums involving Fourier coefficients of cusp forms that are automorphic with respect to a Hecke congruence subgroup Gamma =Gamma_0(q) of the group SL(2,Z[i]), and correspond to exceptional eigenvalues of the Laplace operator on the space L^2(GammaSL(2,C)/SU(2)). These results are, for certain applications, an effective substitute for the generalised Selberg eigenvalue conjecture. We give a proof of one such application, which is an upper bound for a sum of generalised Kloosterman sums (of significance in the study of certain mean values of Hecke zeta-functions with groessencharakters). Our proofs make extensive use of Lokvenec-Guleska's generalisation of the Bruggeman-Motohashi summation formulae for PSL(2,Z[i])PSL(2,C). We also employ a bound of Kim and Shahidi for the first eigenvalues of the relevant Laplace operators, and an `unweighted' spectral large sieve inequality (our proof of which is to appear separately).

Review text

The theory of Kloosterman sums and sums of Kloosterman sums has been the subject of very intensive study in analytic number theory. The summation formula of \textit{R. W. Bruggeman} [Invent. Math. 45, 1--18 (1978; Zbl 0351.10019)] and \textit{N. V. Kuznetsov} [Mat. Sb., N. Ser. 111(153), 334--383 (1980; Zbl 0427.10016)] revealed a deep connection between Kloosterman sums and spectral theory of automorphic forms.NEWLINENEWLINEResults of Bruggeman and Kuznetsov were generalized by \textit{R. W. Bruggeman} and \textit{Y. Motohashi} [Funct. Approximatio, Comment. Math. 31, 23--92 (2003; Zbl 1068.11057)] from the case of the modular group \(\mathrm{PSL}(2, \mathbb{Z})\) to the group \(\mathrm{PSL}(2, \mathbb{Z}[i])\). The first formula of Bruggeman and Motohashi shows that a class of sums involving Fourier coefficients of modular forms may be expressed in terms of sums of appropriately defined Kloosterman sums. The second formula is a kind of inverse, showing that a wide class of sums of Kloosterman sums may be represented in terms of the spectral data of the group \(\mathrm{PSL}(2, \mathbb{Z}[i])\).NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThose results were further generalized by \textit{H. Lokvenc-Guleska} in her PhD thesis [Sum formula for \(\mathrm{SL}_2\) over imaginary quadratic number fields, University of Utrecht (2004)] to Hecke congruence subgroups \(\Gamma\) of the group \(\mathrm{SL}(2, \mathfrak{O}_F)\) where \(\mathfrak{O}_F\) denotes the ring of integers of imaginary quadratic number field \(F=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D})\).NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEIn the paper under review several applications of the Lokvenc-Guleska summation formulas in the case when \(F=\mathbb{Q}(i)\) are derived. They include new bounds for sums involving Fourier coefficients of modular forms and new bounds for weighted sums of generalized Kloosterman sums. The main feature of these bounds is that they depend upon the best available lower bound for the first non-zero eigenvalue of the Laplacian on the space \(L^2(\Gamma \setminus \mathrm{SL}(2, \mathbb{C}) / \mathrm{SU}(2))\), where \(\Gamma\) is a Hecke congruence subgroup of \(\mathrm{SL}(2, \mathbb{Z}[i])\).NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThe main result of the paper is an upper bound for the sum of certain weighted generalized Kloosterman sums, whose precise statement is too complicated to be stated here. It may be considered as a generalization of the author's results from [``Kloosterman sums and a mean value for Dirichlet polynomials, J. Number Theory 53, No. 1, 179--210 (1995; Zbl 0837.11050)] and has a number of applications.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEFor example, the obtained upper bound for the sum of generalized Kloosterman sums yields a new upper bound for the mean value NEWLINENEWLINE\[NEWLINE J(D;N)=\frac{1}{D^2} \sum_{-D\leq k\leq D} \int_{-D}^D \left | \sum_{0 < | n| ^2 \leq N} \alpha_n \lambda^k(n) | n | ^{-2it} \right |^2 | \zeta(1/2 +it, \lambda ^k)|^4 \,dt, NEWLINE\]NEWLINE NEWLINEwhere the summation runs over all \(n\in\mathbb{Z}[i]\), the coefficients \(\alpha_n\) are arbitrary complex numbers, \(\lambda^k\) denotes Hecke ``Größencharacter given by \(\lambda^k(n)=(n/| n|)^{4k}\), for \(0\neq n \in \mathbb{Z}[i]\) and \(\zeta(s,\lambda^k)\) is the corresponding Hecke zeta function.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThis represents a generalization of a Riemann zeta-function result of the author (loc. cit.) and of \textit{J.-M. Deshouillers} and \textit{H. Iwaniec} [Mathematika 29, 202--212 (1982; Zbl 0506.10032)].NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThe proof of the main results makes extensive use of generalization of Bruggeman-Motohashi summation formulae for \(\mathrm{PSL}(2, \mathbb{Z}[i])\), bounds of Kim and Shahidi for the first non-zero eigenvalues of the Laplacian and an ``unweighted spectral large sieve inequality.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThe paper is written very carefully and contains many technical results. We refer an interested reader to consult the full text of the paper.

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