Stationary states of quadratic diffusion equations with long-range attraction

DOI10.4310/CMS.2013.V11.N3.A3zbMATH Open1282.35203arXiv1103.5365OpenAlexW1968835931MaRDI QIDQ390091FDOQ390091

Authors: Martin Burger, Marco Di Francesco, Marzena Franek 

Publication date: 22 January 2014

Published in: Communications in Mathematical Sciences (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We study the existence and uniqueness of nontrivial stationary solutions to a nonlocal aggregation equation with quadratic diffusion arising in many contexts in population dynamics. The equation is the Wasserstein gradient flow generated by the energy E, which is the sum of a quadratic free energy and the interaction energy. The interaction kernel is taken radial and attractive, nonnegative and integrable, with further technical smoothness assumptions. The existence vs. nonexistence of such solutions is ruled by a threshold phenomenon, namely nontrivial steady states exist if and only if the diffusivity constant is strictly smaller than the total mass of the interaction kernel. In the one dimensional case we prove that steady states are unique up to translations and mass constraint. The strategy is based on a strong version of the Krein-Rutman theorem. The steady states are symmetric with respect to their center of mass x0, compactly supported on sets of the form [x0 -L, x0+L], C^2 on their support, strictly decreasing on (x0, x0+L). Moreover, they are global minimizers of the energy functional E. The results are complemented by numerical simulations.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1103.5365

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zbMATH Keywords

nonlinear diffusionKrein-Rutman theoremWasserstein gradient flownonlocal aggregation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Population dynamics (general) (92D25) Animal behavior (92D50) Integro-partial differential equations (45K05) Critical exponents in context of PDEs (35B33) Attractors (35B41) Degenerate parabolic equations (35K65) Eigenvalue problems for integral equations (45C05)

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