Orthogonal Laurent polynomials on the unit circle, extended CMV ordering and 2D Toda type integrable hierarchies

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2013.02.020zbMATH Open1293.30077arXiv1202.2898OpenAlexW2025535683MaRDI QIDQ390725FDOQ390725

Authors: Carlos Álvarez-Fernández, Manuel Mañas 

Publication date: 8 January 2014

Published in: Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Orthogonal Laurent polynomials in the unit circle and the theory of Toda-like integrable systems are connected using the Gauss--Borel factorization of a Cantero-Moral-Velazquez moment matrix, which is constructed in terms of a complex quasi-definite measure supported in the unit circle. The factorization of the moment matrix leads to orthogonal Laurent polynomials in the unit circle and the corresponding second kind functions. Jacobi operators, 5-term recursion relations and Christoffel-Darboux kernels, projecting to particular spaces of truncated Laurent polynomials, and corresponding Christoffel-Darboux formulae are obtained within this point of view in a completely algebraic way. Cantero-Moral-Velazquez sequence of Laurent monomials is generalized and recursion relations, Christoffel-Darboux kernels, projecting to general spaces of truncated Laurent polynomials and corresponding Christoffel-Darboux formulae are found in this extended context. Continuous deformations of the moment matrix are introduced and is shown how they induce a time dependant orthogonality problem related to a Toda-type integrable system, which is connected with the well known Toeplitz lattice. Using the classical integrability theory tools the Lax and Zakharov-Shabat equations are obtained. The dynamical system associated with the coefficients of the orthogonal Laurent polynomials is explicitly derived and compared with the classical Toeplitz lattice dynamical system for the Verblunsky coefficients of SzegH{o} polynomials for a positive measure. Discrete flows are introduced and related to Darboux transformations. Finally, the representation of the orthogonal Laurent polynomials (and its second kind functions), using the formalism of Miwa shifts, in terms of $au$-functions is presented and bilinear equations are derived.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1202.2898

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zbMATH Keywords

integrable systemsChristoffel-DarbouxCMV orderingGauss-Borel factorizationorthogonal Laurent polynomials in the unit circle

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Miscellaneous topics of analysis in the complex plane (30E99) Completely integrable infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, integration methods, integrability tests, integrable hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.) (37K10) Orthogonal functions and polynomials, general theory of nontrigonometric harmonic analysis (42C05)

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Cited In (23)

• Isospectral flows related to Frobenius-Stickelberger-Thiele polynomials
• Multiple orthogonal polynomials of mixed type: Gauss-Borel factorization and the multi-component 2D Toda hierarchy
• Generalizations of the finite nonperiodic Toda lattice and its Darboux transformation
• Matrix biorthogonal polynomials: eigenvalue problems and non-Abelian discrete Painlevé equations. A Riemann-Hilbert problem perspective
• Darboux transformations for CMV matrices
• Biorthogonal Laurent polynomials, toplitz determinants, minimal Toda orbits and isomonodromic tau functions
• Multivariate Toda hierarchies and biorthogonal polynomials
• The Toda and Painlevé systems associated with semiclassical matrix-valued orthogonal polynomials of Laguerre type
• Multivariate orthogonal polynomials and integrable systems
• Matrix orthogonal Laurent polynomials on the unit circle and Toda type integrable systems
• Laguerre–Freud equations for three families of hypergeometric discrete orthogonal polynomials
• On the Christoffel-Darboux formula for generalized matrix orthogonal polynomials
• Revisiting biorthogonal polynomials: an \(LU\) factorization discussion
• Pearson equations for discrete orthogonal polynomials: I. Generalized hypergeometric functions and Toda equations
• A note on Poisson brackets for orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle
• The multicomponent 2D Toda hierarchy: generalized matrix orthogonal polynomials, multiple orthogonal polynomials and Riemann–Hilbert problems
• Spectral quantization of discrete random walks on half-line and orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle
• Pearson equations for discrete orthogonal polynomials. III: Christoffel and Geronimus transformations
• Multivariate orthogonal Laurent polynomials and integrable systems
• Darboux transformation and exact solutions for two dimensional \(A_{2n -1}^{(2)}\) Toda equations
• A Jacobi type Christoffel-Darboux formula for multiple orthogonal polynomials of mixed type
• Christoffel transformation for a matrix of bi-variate measures
• A generalization of Laurent biorthogonal polynomials and related integrable lattices

Uses Software

• OPQ

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