Codimension growth and minimal superalgebras

DOI10.1090/S0002-9947-03-03360-9MaRDI QIDQ4425459zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Antonio Giambruno, Mikhail Zaicev

Publication date 10 September 2003

Published in Transactions of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9947-03-03360-9

Several years ago the authors of the paper under review proved the remarkable result for the codimension sequence \(c_n(A)\) of the polynomial identities for any PI-algebra \(A\) over a field \(F\) of characteristic 0 that \(\lim_{n\to\infty}\root n\of{c_n(A)}\) always exists and is an integer [\textit{A. Giambruno, M. Zaicev}, Adv. Math. 140, No. 2, 145-155 (1998; Zbl 0920.16012), ibid. 142, No. 2, 221-243 (1999; Zbl 0920.16013)]. This number is called the exponent of the algebra \(A\) and of its T-ideal \(Id(A)\) and gives a natural scale to measure the complexity of PI-algebras and their T-ideals. A natural question is to describe the T-ideals \(V\) which are essentially more complicated than all greater T-ideals in sense that \(\exp(V)>\exp(U)\) for all T-ideals \(U\) which properly contain \(V\). The varieties of algebras \(\mathcal V\) corresponding to such T-ideals \(V\) are called minimal varieties of a given exponent. There was a conjecture of the reviewer [\textit{V. S. Drensky}, Serdica 13, 320-332 (1987; Zbl 0658.16013), ibid. 14, No. 1, 20-27 (1988; Zbl 0661.16012)] that these T-ideals are exactly the products of verbally prime T-ideals in the theory of Kemer, i.e. the PI-algebra \(A\) generates a minimal variety if and only if \(Id(A)=U_1\cdots U_k\) where each \(U_i\) is the T-ideal of one of the algebras \(M_n(F)\), \(M_n(G)\) and \(M_{p,q}(G)\) and \(G\) is the Grassmann algebra, see the book of \textit{A. R. Kemer} [Ideals of identities of associative algebras. Translations of Mathematical Monographs, 87. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS), (1991; Zbl 0732.16001)] for an account of the theory of Kemer. Recently [\textit{A. Giambruno, M. Zaicev}, Adv. Math. 174, No. 2, 310-323 (2003; Zbl 1035.16013)] the authors established the validity of this conjecture in the case of finitely generated algebras. The main result of the paper under review is the complete confirmation of the conjecture for arbitrary PI-algebras. By the theory of Kemer, the polynomial identities of any PI-algebra coincide with the polynomial identities of the Grassmann envelope \(G(A)=G_0\otimes A_0\oplus G_1\otimes A_1\) of a suitable finite dimensional superalgebra \(A=A_0\oplus A_1\). The authors introduce the class of minimal superalgebras which are finite dimensional, \(A=A_{ss}+J\), where the semisimple part \(A_{ss}=B_1\oplus\cdots\oplus B_m\) is a direct sum of \(m\) simple superalgebras \(B_i\), and there exist graded elements \(w_1,\dots,w_{m-1}\in J\) which generate the Jacobson radical \(J\) as an ideal and minimal graded idempotents \(e_i\in B_i\), such that \(w_1e_1w_2e_2\cdots w_{m-1}e_m\not=0\). Every minimal superalgebra can be realized by block triangular matrices over the base field and \(Id(A)=Id(B_1)\cdots Id(B_m)\). The minimal superalgebras are related with minimal varieties by the following important result. The Grassmann envelope of any minimal superalgebra generates a minimal variety and any minimal variety is generated by the Grassmann envelope of some minimal superalgebra. (The authors give examples which show that this minimal superalgebra may be not unique.) This easily provides the complete classification of the minimal varieties. In particular, the authors prove that there is only a finite number of minimal varieties of a given exponent. The authors give two important applications. The first is an effective method how to calculate the exponent of a T-ideal with known set of generators and this is applied to the identity of Lie solvability. The second application concerns the problem which functions determine the exact asymptotics of the codimension growth, in the spirit of the conjecture of Regev that \(c_n(A)\approx\beta n^ed^n\) for some \(\beta\in\mathbb{R}\), \(e\in\mathbb{Z}/2\) and \(d\in\mathbb{N}\), see [\textit{A. Regev}, in Dlab, Vlastimil (ed.) et al., Trends in ring theory. Proceedings of a conference at Miskolc, Hungary, July 15-20, 1996. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society. CMS Conf. Proc. 22, 159-172 (1998; Zbl 0908.16023)] for a survey. Besides the theoery of Kemer, the methods of the proofs involve representation theory of symmetric groups, the theorem of \textit{S. A. Amitsur} and \textit{A. Regev} [J. Algebra 78, 248-254 (1982; Zbl 0495.16014)] that the partitions with nonzero multiplicities in the cocharacter sequence are in a hook and estimates of the degrees of characters of symmetric groups, in the spirit of similar estimates of Regev.

Recommendations

Cites work

Cited in

(59)

This page was built for publication: Codimension growth and minimal superalgebras

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q4425459)