scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2068005
The author surveys a series of conjectures in combinatorics using new results on the geometry of Hilbert schemes. The combinatorial results include the positivity conjecture for the Macdonald symmetric functions, and the ``\(n!\) and ``\((n+1)^{n-1}\) conjectures which relate Macdonald polynomials to the characters of doubly graded \(S_n\)-modules. In 1987 Macdonald unified the theory of Hall-Littlewood symmetric functions with that of spherical functions on symmetric spaces, introducing a class of symmetric functions, now known as Macdonald polynomials, with coefficients depending on two parameters \(q\) and \(t\). There are bivariate analogues of the Kostka-Foulkes polynomials, and Macdonald conjectured that these more general Kostka-Foulkes polynomials should have positive integer coefficients. In 1993 Garsia and the author introduced some bigraded \(S_n\)-module and conjectured that its dimension is \(n!\) and this is known as the \(n!\) conjecture. It is known that the \(n!\) conjecture implies the Macdonald positivity conjecture. The spaces figuring in the \(n!\) conjecture are quotients of the ring of coinvariants for the diagonal action of \(S_n\) on \({\mathbb C}^n\oplus{\mathbb C}^n\), and it was natural to investigate the characters of the full coinvariant ring. The space of coinvariants has dimension \((n+1)^{n-1}\). This involved \(q\)-analogues of this number and the Catalan numbers \(C_n\) in the data. A menagerie of things studied earlier by combinatorialists for their own sake turned up unexpectedly in this new context. Further, Procesi suggested that the diagonal coinvariants might be interpreted as sections of a vector bundle on the Hilbert scheme \(H_n\) of points in the plane. Understanding this geometric context has led the author to the proofs of the \(n!\) and \((n+1)^{n-1}\) conjectures. The full explanation depends on properties of the Hilbert scheme which were not known before, and had to be established from scratch in order to complete the picture. One might say, that the main results are not the \(n!\) and \((n+1)^{n-1}\) theorems, but new theorems in algebraic geometry. In order to make the exposition self-contained, the author includes background from combinatorics, theory of symmetric functions, representation theory and geometry. At the end of the paper he discusses future directions, new conjectures, and related work of other mathematicians. For the entire collection see [Zbl 1033.00012].
- Combinatorics of Maass-Shimura operators
- \(K\)-theory of quiver varieties, \(q\)-Fock space and nonsymmetric Macdonald polynomials
- Vertex operators and character varieties
- Knot homology and sheaves on the Hilbert scheme of points on the plane
- Some combinatorial identities related to commuting varieties and Hilbert schemes
- Modified Macdonald polynomials and integrability
- Multi-Macdonald polynomials
- A combinatorial study on quiver varieties
- Symmetric functions and Springer representations
- On inductive construction of Procesi bundles
- Quiver Hall-Littlewood functions and Kostka-Shoji polynomials
- \((\operatorname{GL}_k\times \operatorname{Sym}_n)\)-modules and Nabla of hook-indexed Schur functions
- The combinatorics of \(C^\ast \)-fixed points in generalized Calogero-Moser spaces and Hilbert schemes
- Interlaced rectangular parking functions
- Unramified affine Springer fibers and isospectral Hilbert schemes
- Birational geometry of symplectic quotient singularities
- Cylindric Hecke characters and Gromov-Witten invariants via the asymmetric six-vertex model
- Classifying the near-equality of ribbon Schur functions
- Macdonald polynomials as characters of Cherednik algebra modules
- Combinatorics of labelled parallelogram polyominoes
- Wreath Macdonald polynomials and the categorical McKay correspondence. With an appendix by Vadim Vologodsky
- Double Macdonald polynomials as the stable limit of Macdonald superpolynomials
- The \(\mathbb{A}_{q,t}\) algebra and parabolic flag Hilbert schemes
- Combinatorial wall-crossing and the Mullineux involution
- The hilb/sym correspondence for \({\mathbb{C}}^2\): descendents and Fourier-Mukai
- Hall-Littlewood polynomials and vector bundles on the Hilbert scheme
- FI-modules and stability for representations of symmetric groups
- Representation theory and homological stability.
- On Procesi bundles
- Affine Springer fibers of type \(A\) and combinatorics of diagonal coinvariants
- Whittaker vector of deformed Virasoro algebra and Macdonald symmetric functions
- On cyclic quiver parabolic Kostka-Shoji polynomials
- McKay correspondence and orbifold equivalence
- Hilbert schemes, polygraphs and the Macdonald positivity conjecture
- Combinatorics of Cremona monomial maps
- A combinatorial approach to the q,t-symmetry relation in Macdonald polynomials
- On the commuting variety of a reductive Lie algebra and other related varieties
- Square $\boldsymbol {q,t}$-lattice paths and $\boldsymbol {\nabla (p_n)}$
- Multivariate diagonal coinvariant spaces for complex reflection groups
- Limits of modified higher \(q,t\)-Catalan numbers
- Vertex operators and quasimodularity of Chern numbers on the Hilbert scheme
- Macdonald positivity via the Harish-Chandra D-module
- Isospectral commuting variety, the Harish-Chandra D-module, and principal nilpotent pairs
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- Wreath Macdonald polynomials at 𝑞=𝑡 as characters of rational Cherednik algebras
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- Haiman's work on the n! theorem, and beyond
- Higher genus Gromov-Witten theory of \(\mathsf{Hilb}^n(\mathbb{C}^2)\) and \(\mathsf{CohFTs}\) associated to local curves
- Catalan functions and \(k\)-Schur positivity
- The delta conjecture at q = 1
- A representation on the labeled rooted forests
- Geometry of q and q,t-analogs in combinatorial enumeration
- Evaluation and spanning sets of confluent Vandermonde forms
- New elementary components of the Gorenstein locus of the Hilbert scheme of points
- \(q,t\)-Fuß-Catalan numbers for finite reflection groups
- A proof of the \(\frac{n!}{2}\) conjecture for hook shapes
- Vertex operators, Grassmannians, and Hilbert schemes
- Horizontal-strip LLT polynomials
- E-Polynomials of Generic -Character Varieties: Branched Case
- The quantum differential equation of the Hilbert scheme of points in the plane
- Cyclage, catabolism, and the affine Hecke algebra.
- Exterior powers of the reflection representation in Springer theory
- Geometry of the twin manifolds of regular semisimple Hessenberg varieties and unicellular LLT polynomials
- An insertion algorithm for catabolizability
- Higher rank (q,t)-Catalan polynomials, affine Springer fibers, and a finite rational shuffle theorem
- Quantum differential and difference equations for \(\operatorname{Hilb}^n(\mathbb{C}^2)\)
- Wreath Macdonald polynomials, a survey
- Difference operators for wreath Macdonald polynomials
- Cyclotomic generating functions
- Wreath Macdonald polynomials, quiver varieties, and quasimap counts
- Nakajima's creation operators and the Kirwan map
- The Procesi bundle over the \(\Gamma\)-fixed points of the Hilbert scheme of points in \(\mathbb{C}^2\)
- On the parity conjecture for Hilbert schemes of points on threefolds
- Symmetric ideals and invariant Hilbert schemes
- The Hilb-vs-Quot conjecture
- Wreath Macdonald operators
- Horizontal-strip LLT polynomials
- q-Whittaker functions, finite fields, and Jordan forms
- Shuffle approach to wreath Pieri operators
- Wreath Macdonald operators
- Wreath Macdonald polynomials as eigenstates
- On a Casselman-Shalika type formula for unramified Speh representations
- Combinatorial Thom-Hirzebruch characteristic classes
- On matrix Kloosterman sums and Hall-Littlewood polynomials
- Subspace profiles over finite fields and q-Whittaker expansions of symmetric functions
- The Hilbert scheme of points on a threefold: broken Gorenstein structures and linkage
- On palindromic numerators of bigraded symmetric orbifold Hilbert series and Kostka-Foulkes polynomials
- On exotic matrix exponential sums and Bessel-Speh functions
- Equivariant Chern character operators and Okounkov's conjecture
- 2d BF theory coupled to 1d quantum mechanics: the phase space and its quantization
- Some symmetric polynomial and related identities
- Hall-Littlewood symmetric functions via the chip-firing game
- \(\mathrm{FI}_{\mathcal W}\)-modules and stability criteria for representations of classical Weyl groups.
- On the McKay correspondences for the Hilbert scheme of points on the affine plane
- Towards the multiplicative behavior of the K-theoretical McKay correspondence
- Quiver varieties and Frenkel-Kac construction
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