scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1465043

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The book introduces to recent developments in noncommutative theories in a selfcontained way, all content needed for the beginner is included. The author concentrates on integrable systems, Hamiltonian and Lagrangian formalisms, variational calculus, both in continuous and discrete spaces. Kadomtsev-Petviashvili and modified Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchies are considered in detail. In the first three chapters Kadomtsev-Petviashvili and modified Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchies (KP and mKP) are introduced and their basic properties are derived. Infinite component mKP hierarchy is reduced to a two-component hierarchy of dispersive water waves and further to the Burgers hierarchy and the Korteweg-de Vries hierarchy. Two versions of Miura maps between KP and mKP are constructed in the language of Lax and Wilson equations. In Chapter 4 the variational calculus for Lagrangians including noncommuting fields is developed. In Chapter 5 the noncommutative Hamiltonian formalism is developed and compared with the commutative one. In Chapter 6, KP, mKP, KdV and other equations are rewritten in terms of noncommutative Hamiltonian systems and then dynamical and Hamiltonian relations between the KP and mKP hierarchies are analysed. Chapter 7 is devoted to the construction of quasirelativistic hierarchies that arise as special one-parameter deformations of KP, mKP and NLS hierarchies. In Chapter 8 the author develops a nonabelian version of the approach that deals with series of integrals of Lax equations associated with the so-called formal Baker-Akhiezer function for the KP hierarchy. In the Chapters 9-12, hierarchies of discrete integrable systems of KP and mKP-type are constructed and the appropriate Hamiltonian formalism is developed together with variational calculus. In Chapter 13, difference versions of the Gibbons-type specializations of discrete integrable systems are studied. Chapter 14 deals with so-called hydrodynamical representations for the discrete KP and mKP hierarchies. It is proven that such a representation does exist. In Chapter 15, the quasirelativistic hierarchies considered in Chapter 7 are analyzed in the discrete case. Hamiltonian, Gibbons, hydrodynamical forms and a singular solution of the quasirelativistic KP hierarchy is found. In Chapter 16, the author examines the evolution of the concept of ``continuous-time Lax representation and fixes its discrete-time analog. Chapter 17 deals with time discretization of KP and mKP hierarchies and it is shown that in the continuous limit the correct systems are reproduced. In Chapter 18 time-discretization is considered for special systems such as dressing operators, Toda lattice, relativistic Toda lattice, generalized and ordinary Volterra systems, gap-KP hierarchy and noncommutative dynamics on \(gl_2(\mathbb{R})\) and \(sl_2(\mathbb{R})\). The topics discussed in the book are presented in a very detailed way. The book will be a valuable asset both for beginners and experts in this field.




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