Geometry of the ergodic quotient reveals coherent structures in flows
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Publication:449067
DOI10.1016/J.PHYSD.2012.04.006zbMATH Open1254.37010arXiv1204.2050OpenAlexW1967994787MaRDI QIDQ449067FDOQ449067
Authors: Marko Budišić, Igor Mezić 
Publication date: 11 September 2012
Published in: Physica D (Search for Journal in Brave)
Abstract: Dynamical systems that exhibit diverse behaviors can rarely be completely understood using a single approach. However, by identifying coherent structures in their state spaces, i.e., regions of uniform and simpler behavior, we could hope to study each of the structures separately and then form the understanding of the system as a whole. The method we present in this paper uses trajectory averages of scalar functions on the state space to: (a) identify invariant sets in the state space, (b) form coherent structures by aggregating invariant sets that are similar across multiple spatial scales. First, we construct the ergodic quotient, the object obtained by mapping trajectories to the space of trajectory averages of a function basis on the state space. Second, we endow the ergodic quotient with a metric structure that successfully captures how similar the invariant sets are in the state space. Finally, we parametrize the ergodic quotient using intrinsic diffusion modes on it. By segmenting the ergodic quotient based on the diffusion modes, we extract coherent features in the state space of the dynamical system. The algorithm is validated by analyzing the Arnold-Beltrami-Childress flow, which was the test-bed for alternative approaches: the Ulam's approximation of the transfer operator and the computation of Lagrangian Coherent Structures. Furthermore, we explain how the method extends the Poincar'e map analysis for periodic flows. As a demonstration, we apply the method to a periodically-driven three-dimensional Hill's vortex flow, discovering unknown coherent structures in its state space. In the end, we discuss differences between the ergodic quotient and alternatives, propose a generalization to analysis of (quasi-)periodic structures, and lay out future research directions.
Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1204.2050
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Dynamics induced by flows and semiflows (37C10) Dynamical systems in fluid mechanics, oceanography and meteorology (37N10) Dynamical systems in other branches of physics (quantum mechanics, general relativity, laser physics) (37N20) Ergodic theory (37A99)
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