Variations on Barbalat's lemma

DOI10.4169/AMER.MATH.MONTHLY.123.08.825zbMATH Open1391.26005arXiv1411.1611OpenAlexW2963978591MaRDI QIDQ4576552FDOQ4576552

Bálint Farkas, Sven-Ake Wegner

Publication date: 12 July 2018

Abstract: It is not hard to prove that a uniformly continuous real function, whose integral up to infinity exists, vanishes at infinity, and it is probably little known that this statement runs under the name "Barbalat's Lemma." In fact, the latter name is frequently used in control theory, where the lemma is used to obtain Lyapunov-like stability theorems for non-linear and non-autonomous systems. Barbalat's Lemma is qualitative in the sense that it asserts that a function has certain properties, here convergence to zero. Such qualitative statements can typically be proved by "soft analysis", such as indirect proofs. Indeed, in the original 1959 paper by Barbalat, the lemma was proved by contradiction and this proof prevails in the control theory textbooks. In this short note we first give a direct, "hard analyis" proof of the lemma, yielding quantitative results, i.e. rates of convergence to zero. This proof allows also for immediate generalizations. Finally, we unify three different versions which recently appeared and discuss their relation to the original lemma.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1411.1611

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

One-variable calculus (26A06) Rate of growth of functions, orders of infinity, slowly varying functions (26A12) Sobolev (and similar kinds of) spaces of functions of discrete variables (46E39)

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