Extreme zeros in a sequence of para-orthogonal polynomials and bounds for the support of the measure

Abstract: Given a non-trivial Borel measure

m u

on the unit circle

m a t h b b T

, the corresponding reproducing (or Christoffel-Darboux) kernels with one of the variables fixed at

z = 1

constitute a family of so-called para-orthogonal polynomials, whose zeros belong to

m a t h b b T

. With a proper normalization they satisfy a three-term recurrence relation determined by two sequence of real coefficients,

c_{n}

and

d_{n}

, where

d_{n}

is additionally a positive chain sequence. Coefficients

(c_{n}, d_{n})

provide a parametrization of a family of measures related to

m u

by addition of a mass point at

z = 1

. In this paper we estimate the location of the extreme zeros (those closest to

z = 1

) of the para-orthogonal polynomials from the

(c_{n}, d_{n})

-parametrization of the measure, and use this information to establish sufficient conditions for the existence of a gap in the support of

m u

at

z = 1

. These results are easily reformulated in order to find gaps in the support of

m u

at any other

z i n m a t h b b T

. We provide also some examples showing that the bounds are tight and illustrating their computational applications.

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