Mass and asymptotics associated to fractional Hardy–Schrödinger operators in critical regimes

Abstract: We consider linear and non-linear boundary value problems associated to the fractional Hardy-Schr"odinger operator

L_{g a m m a, a l p h a} : = (- D e l t a)^{f r a c a l p h a 2} - f r a c g a m m a | x |^{a l p h a}

on domains of

m a t h b b R^{n}

containing the singularity

0

, where

0 < a l p h a < 2

and

0 l e g a m m a < g a m m a_{H} (a l p h a)

, the latter being the best constant in the fractional Hardy inequality on

m a t h b b R^{n}

. We tackle the existence of least-energy solutions for the borderline boundary value problem

(L_{g a m m a, a l p h a} - l a m b d a I) u = f r a c u^{2^{s} t a r_{a} l p h a (s) - 1} | x |^{s}

on

O m e g a

, where

0 l e q s < a l p h a < n

and

2^{s} t a r_{a} l p h a (s) = f r a c 2 (n - s) n - a l p h a

is the critical fractional Sobolev exponent. We show that if

g a m m a

is below a certain threshold

g a m m a_{c r i t}

, then such solutions exist for all

0 < l a m b d a < l a m b d a_{1} (L_{g a m m a, a l p h a})

, the latter being the first eigenvalue of

L_{g a m m a, a l p h a}

. On the other hand, for

g a m m a_{c r i t} < g a m m a < g a m m a_{H} (a l p h a)

, we prove existence of such solutions only for those

l a m b d a

in

(0, l a m b d a_{1} (L_{g a m m a, a l p h a}))

for which the domain

O m e g a

has a positive {it fractional Hardy-Schr"odinger mass}

m_{g a m m a, l a m b d a} (O m e g a)

. This latter notion is introduced by way of an invariant of the linear equation

(L_{g a m m a, a l p h a} - l a m b d a I) u = 0

on

O m e g a

.

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