Large conjugacy classes, projective Fraïssé limits and the pseudo-arc
Recall that a space is arc-like if it can be expressed as the inverse limit of arcs with continuous bonding maps and that the pseudo-arc is the unique homogeneous arc-like space. Let \(L_0\) be the language that consists of one binary relation symbol \(r\), and let \(\mathcal{G}\) denote the family of finite reflexive linear graphs. The author of the paper under review studies the automorphism group \(Aut(\mathbb{P})\) of the projective Fraïssé limit \(\mathbb{P}\) of \(\mathcal{G}\). She shows that \(Aut(\mathbb{P})\) has a comeager conjugacy class. This strengthens a result of Oppenheim [M.Sc. Thesis, Tel Aviv University (2008)] who showed that \(Aut(\mathbb{P})\) has a dense conjugacy class. Since \(\mathbb{P}/r^\mathbb{P}\) is homeomorphic to the pseudo-arc (see [\textit{T. Irwin} and \textit{S. Solecki}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 358, No. 7, 3077--3096 (2006; Zbl 1085.03028)]), a very interesting consequence of the above two results is that the homeomorphism group \(H(P)\) of the pseudo-arc contains a dense conjugacy class. The proofs of the author's results build on the techniques developed by Irwin and Solecki, but an additional interesting tool is the Steinhaus Chessboard Theorem. It is the first time that the reviewer sees an application of the chessboard theorem in this context, as until now this result was typically used to obtain various coincidence theorems, such as the Brouwer Fixed Point Theorem and the Borsuk-Ulam Antipodal Theorem (see e.g. [\textit{M. Turzański}, Topol. Proc. 25 (Summer), 645--653 (2000; Zbl 1027.54063)], [\textit{W. Kulpa} and \textit{M. Turzański}, Acta Univ. Carol., Math. Phys. 42, No. 2, 69--74 (2001; Zbl 1003.05033)], [\textit{P. Jayawant} and \textit{P. Wong}, Topology Appl. 157, No. 10--11, 1833--1838 (2010; Zbl 1196.54073)]). The entire approach to study the homeomorphism group of the pseudo-arc via projective Fraïssé limits seems very promising to the reviewer, and hopefully might lead to other new results on \(H(P)\) in the future, where the existing methods from continuum theory have not proven sufficient. The following open problems arise: Problem 1. Does the homeomorphism group \(H(P)\) of the pseudo-arc contain a comeager conjugacy class? Problem 2. Give a description of an element in \(H(P)\) that belongs to the dense conjugacy class. Although, in the last two decades, some progress has been made on the subject, for many more open questions on the homeomorphism group \(H(P)\) see [\textit{W. Lewis}, Contemp. Math. 117, 103--123 (1991; Zbl 0736.54027)].
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