Continuous curves of nonmetric pseudo-arcs and semi-conjugacies to interval maps

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2020.107309MaRDI QIDQ2215636zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Jan P. Boronski, Michel Smith

Publication date 14 December 2020

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.01862

zbMATH Keywords

continuous decomposition curve Hausdorff pseudo-arc homogeneous pseudo-arc pseudo-circle semi-conjugacy Whitney map

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Continua and generalizations (54F15) Topological characterizations of particular spaces (54F65)

Abstract: In 1985 M. Smith constructed a nonmetric pseudo-arc; i.e. a Hausdorff homogeneous, hereditary equivalent and hereditary indecomposable continuum. Taking advantage of a decomposition theorem of W. Lewis, he obtained it as a long inverse limit of metric pseudo-arcs with monotone bonding maps. Extending his approach, and the results of Lewis on lifting homeomorphisms, we construct a nonmetric pseudo-circle, and new examples of homogeneous 1-dimensional continua; e.g. a circle and solenoids of nonmetric pseudo-arcs. Among many corollaries we also obtain an analogue of another theorem of Lewis from 1984: any interval map is semi-conjugate to a homeomorphism of the nonmetric pseudo-arc.

Review text

A continuum is a compact connected Hausdorff space. The pseudo-arc is known to be the only homogeneous, hereditarily indecomposable and hereditary equivalent metric continuum. In [Topology Proc. 10, No. 2, 385--397 (1985; Zbl 0611.54025)], \textit{M. Smith} constructed a nonmetric pseudo-arc; i.e. a nonmetric homogeneous, hereditarily indecomposable continuum. In [Houston J. Math. 11, 91--99 (1985; Zbl 0577.54039)], \textit{W. Lewis} proved that if \(M\) is a one-dimensional metric continuum, then there exists a one-dimensional metric continuum \(\hat M\) that has a continuous decomposition into pseudo-arcs such that the decomposition space is homeomorphic to \(M\). Moreover, every homeomorphism of \(M\) lifts to a semi-conjugate homeomorphism of \(\hat M\), so if \(M\) is homogeneous, then so is \(\hat M\). In the paper under review, the authors show the following nonmetric version of Lewis' result. THEOREM A. For every one-dimensional metric continuum \(M\), there exists a continuum \(M_{\omega_{1}}\) such that \(M_{\omega_{1}}\) has a continuous decomposition into nonmetric pseudo-arcs, and the decomposition space is homeomorphic to \(M\). Additionally: (1) If \(M\) is homogeneous, then so is \(M_{\omega_{1}}\). (2) Every homeomorphism of \(M\) lifts to a semi-conjugate homeomorphism of \(M_{\omega_{1}}\). (3) \(M_{\omega_{1}}\) admits a Whitney map onto a long arc. They also prove the following analogue of a Lewis' result. THEOREM B. Every interval map is semi-conjugate to a homeomorphism of Smith's nonmetric pseudo-arc. With Theorem A, some new examples of homogeneous nonmetric continua are produced, such as: a circle and solenoids of nonmetric pseudo-arcs. The author finishes presenting the following interesting questions. QUESTION 1. Is Smith's nonmetric pseudo-arc a unique homogeneous hereditarily indecomposable arc-like nonmetric Hausdorff continuum? QUESTION 2. Does Smith's nonmetric pseudo-arc has the near-homeomorphism property? QUESTION 3. Are Cartesian products of Smith's nonmetric pseudo-arcs factor-wise rigid? QUESTION 4. Does the nonmetric pseudo-circle admit a minimal homeomorphism? QUESTION 5. Is the nonmetric pseudo-circle nonhomogeneous?

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