On the number of connected components of random algebraic hypersurfaces

DOI10.1016/J.GEOMPHYS.2015.04.006MaRDI QIDQ491932zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Antonio Lerario, Erik Lundberg, Y. V. Fyodorov

Publication date 19 August 2015

Published in Journal of Geometry and Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1404.5349

zbMATH Keywords

critical point theoryharmonic polynomialsreal algebraic geometryGaussian fieldHilbert's sixteenth problem

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Random fields (60G60) Random matrices (probabilistic aspects) (60B20) Real algebraic sets (14P05) Hypersurfaces and algebraic geometry (14J70)

Abstract: We study the expectation of the number of components $b_0(X)$ of a random algebraic hypersurface $X$ defined by the zero set in projective space $mathbbR{P}^n$ of a random homogeneous polynomial $f$ of degree $d$. Specifically, we consider "invariant ensembles", that is Gaussian ensembles of polynomials that are invariant under an orthogonal change of variables. The classification due to E. Kostlan shows that specifying an invariant ensemble is equivalent to assigning a weight to each eigenspace of the spherical Laplacian. Fixing $n$, we consider a family of invariant ensembles (choice of eigenspace weights) depending on the degree $d$. Under a rescaling assumption on the eigenspace weights (as $dightarrowinfty$), we prove that the order of growth of $mathbbE{b}_0(X)$ satisfies: ${\displaystyle }$mathbb{E} b_{0}(X)=Thetaleft(left[ mathbb{E} b_0(Xcap mathbb{R}P^1) ight]^{n} ight). ${\displaystyle }$ This relates the average number of components of $X$ to the classical problem of M. Kac (1943) on the number of zeros of the random univariate polynomial $f{|}_{mathbbR{P}^1}.$ The proof requires an upper bound for $mathbbE{b}_0(X)$, which we obtain by counting extrema using Random Matrix Theory methods from recent work of the first author, and it also requires a lower bound, which we obtain by a modification of the barrier method. We also provide a quantitative upper bound for the implied constant in the above asymptotic; for the real Fubini-Study model these estimates reveal super-exponential decay of the leading coefficient (in $d$) of $mathbbE{b}_0(X)$ (as $nightarrowinfty$).

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Cited in

(26)

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• How many eigenvalues of a random symmetric tensor are real?
• The Euler characteristic of a random algebraic hypersurface
• On Courant's nodal domain property for linear combinations of eigenfunctions. I
• Statistics of stationary points of random finite polynomial potentials
• On the number of components of random polynomial lemniscates
• Nonnegative forms with sublevel sets of minimal volume
• Probabilistic Schubert calculus
• Universality of the nodal length of bivariate random trigonometric polynomials
• Expectation of a random submanifold: the zonoid section
• Statistics on Hilbert's 16th problem
• The lemniscate tree of a random polynomial
• Kac-Rice formula for transverse intersections
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• Probabilistic bounds on best rank-1 approximation ratio
• Real lines on random cubic surfaces
• Random fields and the enumerative geometry of lines on real and complex hypersurfaces
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• Decomposition of the Kostlan-Shub-Smale model for random polynomials
• Low-degree approximation of random polynomials
• Asymptotics for the expected number of nodal components for random lemniscates

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