The monomial basis and the Q-basis of the Hopf algebra of parking functions.

DOI10.1007/S10801-015-0587-0MaRDI QIDQ494299zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Teresa Xueshan Li

Publication date 31 August 2015

Published in Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1504.01719

zbMATH Keywords

Hopf algebrasnoncommutative symmetric functionsparking functionspartitions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Symmetric functions and generalizations (05E05) Hopf algebras and their applications (16T05) Connections of Hopf algebras with combinatorics (16T30)

Abstract: Consider the vector space $mathbbKmathcalP$ spanned by parking functions. By representing parking functions as labeled digraphs, Hivert, Novelli and Thibon constructed a cocommutative Hopf algebra PQSym${}^{\ast }$ on $mathbbKmathcalP$. The product and coproduct of PQSym${}^{\ast }$ are analogous to the product and coproduct of the Hopf algebra NCSym of symmetric functions in noncommuting variables defined in terms of the power sum basis. In this paper, we view a parking function as a word. We shall construct a Hopf algebra PFSym on $mathbbKmathcalP$ with a formal basis $M_a$ analogous to the monomial basis of NCSym. By introducing a partial order on parking functions, we transform the basis $M_a$ to another basis $Q_a$ via the M"{o}bius inversion. We prove the freeness of PFSym by finding two free generating sets in terms of the $M$-basis and the $Q$-basis, and we show that PFSym is isomorphic to the Hopf algebra PQSym${}^{\ast }$. It turns out that our construction, when restricted to permutations and non-increasing parking functions, leads to a new way to approach the Grossman-Larson Hopf algebras of ordered trees and heap-ordered trees.

Review text

The space generated by parking functions holds several Hopf algebra structures, including a commutative one, introduced by Hivert, Novelli and Thibon and refered to as \(\mathbf{PQSym}\). A new one is introduced here, using a generalization of the monomial basis of the Hopf algebra on noncommutative symmetric functions. It is denoted by \(\mathbf{PFSym}\). A second basis is introduced, with the help of a Möbius inversion. Both bases give a proof of the freeness of \(\mathbf{PFSym}\), the first one considering the elements indexed by atomic parking functions, the second one considering the elements indexed by unsplitable parking functions. As a consequence, \(\mathbf{PFSym}\) and the dual of \(\mathbf{PQSym}\) are isomorphic, in a nontrivial way. Several Hopf subalgebras of \(\mathbf{PFSym}\) are introduced, including one isomorphic to noncommutative symmetric functions, and other ones isomorphic to Grossman-Larson's Hopf algebras of ordered or heap-ordered trees.

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Cited in

(7)

• Hopf algebras of parking functions and decorated planar trees
• On atomic and unsplitable endofunctions
• Hopf algebras and dendriform structures arising from parking functions
• Pattern groups and a poset based Hopf monoid
• When are Hopf algebras determined by integer sequences?
• Duplicial algebras, parking functions, and Lagrange inversion
• Parking functions and descent algebras

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