On the origins of Riemann–Hilbert problems in mathematics*

DOI10.1088/1361-6544/ABB543zbMATH Open1462.30070arXiv2003.14374OpenAlexW3015031586WikidataQ114096656 ScholiaQ114096656MaRDI QIDQ4986201FDOQ4986201

Authors: Thomas Bothner 

Publication date: 27 April 2021

Published in: Nonlinearity (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: This article is firstly a historic review of the theory of Riemann-Hilbert problems with particular emphasis placed on their original appearance in the context of Hilbert's 21st problem and Plemelj's work associated with it. The secondary purpose of this note is to invite a new generation of mathematicians to the fascinating world of Riemann-Hilbert techniques and their modern appearances in nonlinear mathematical physics. We set out to achieve this goal with six examples, including a new proof of the integro-differential Painlev'e-II formula of Amir, Corwin, Quastel cite{ACQ} that enters in the description of the KPZ crossover distribution. Parts of this text are based on the author's plenary lecture at the $15$th International Symposium on Orthogonal Polynomials, Special Functions and Applications (OPSFA) in Hagenberg, Austria.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.14374

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zbMATH Keywords

Riemann-Hilbert problemsingular integral equationsmonodromy groupFuchsian systemsdefocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equationHilbert's 21st problemPainlevé-II equation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Random matrices (probabilistic aspects) (60B20) Boundary value problems in the complex plane (30E25) Asymptotics of solutions to integral equations (45M05)

Cites Work

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Cited In (17)

• The complex elliptic Ginibre ensemble at weak non-Hermiticity: bulk spacing distributions
• Integrability in the weak noise theory
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• Generalized Gibbs ensemble of the Ablowitz-Ladik lattice, circular \(\beta\)-ensemble and double confluent Heun equation
• Universality for multiplicative statistics of Hermitian random matrices and the integro-differential Painlevé II equation
• The complex elliptic Ginibre ensemble at weak non-Hermiticity: edge spacing distributions
• Noether property and approximate solution of the Riemann boundary value problem on closed curves
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Extreme superposition: high-order fundamental rogue waves in the far-field regime
• Airy kernel determinant solutions to the KdV equation and integro-differential Painlevé equations
• Solvability of some Riemann-Hilbert problems related to Dirac operator with gradient potential in \(\mathbb{R}^3\)
• Momenta spacing distributions in anharmonic oscillators and the higher order finite temperature Airy kernel
• On the integrable structure of deformed sine kernel determinants
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Degenerate Riemann-Hilbert-Birkhoff problems, semisimplicity, and convergence of WDVV-potentials
• Jánossy Densities and Darboux Transformations for the Stark and Cylindrical KdV Equations
• Integrable equations associated with the finite‐temperature deformation of the discrete Bessel point process

Uses Software

• Digital Library of Mathematical Functions

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